两个品种人参菜形态、解剖结构比较与核型分析

以2个品种人参菜为材料,采用石蜡切片结合荧光显微法,以及根尖压片法观察分析了2个品种人参菜形态结构和核型差异,以期为人参菜品种鉴别提供理论参考依据。结果表明:形态上,品种2的株高、茎粗、叶片厚度、单叶面积、花直径均显著大品种1,2个品种人参菜的花色、种子千粒重均无显著差异。显微结构上,品种1上表皮单位面积气孔数量显著小于品种2,而下表皮单位面积气孔数量显著大于品种2;花柱均呈三瓣羽毛状;品种1茎横截面近似圆形,品种2茎横截面呈不规则形状;品种1染色体数目为2n=2x=40,核型公式为2n=2x=38m+2M,染色体相对长度组成为8L+14M₂+12M₁+6S,核型类别属1B型,核型不对称系数为54.50%;品种2染色体数目为2n=2x=24,核型公式为2n=2x=18m+6sm,染色体相对长度组成为6L+4M₂+8M₁+6S,核型类别属2B型,核型不对称系数为59.37%。2个品种上下表皮单位面积气孔数量、茎横截面形状和核型差异较大,可以作为鉴别人参菜品种的参考指标。

Comparison of morphology,anatomical structure and karyotype between two Talinum crassifolium (Jacq.) Gaertn. species

Two species of Talinum crassifolium (Jacq.) Gaertn. were used in this experiment, morphological structure and karyotype differences between the two species of T. crassifolium(Jacq.) Gaertn. were observed and analyzed by paraffin sectioning combined with fluorescence microscopy and root tip squash method,it provided theoretical reference for the identification of T. crassifolium (Jacq.) Gaertn. The results indicated that plant height, stem diameter, leaf thickness, leaf area and flower diameter in species 2 were significantly greater than those in species 1, but there was no significant differences in flower color and thousand kernel weight between the two species. In microstructure, the number of stomata per unit area in upper epidermis of species 1 was significantly less than that of species 2, while the number of stomata per unit area in lower epidermis was significantly greater than that of species 2; The style morphology of the two species of T. crassifolium (Jacq.) Gaertn. were both three-petal feather; The stem cross section of species 1 was nearly round, and that of species 2 was irregular. In species 1, the chromosome number was 2n=2x=40, the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=38m+2M, the relative length of chromosomes was 8L+14M₂+12M₁+6S, the karyotype category belonged to type 1B, the coefficient of karyotype asymmetry was 54.50%; In species 2, the chromosome number was 2n=2x=24, the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=18m+6sm, the relative length of chromosomes was 6L+4M₂+8M₁+6S, the karyotype category belonged to type 2B, the coefficient of karyotype asymmetry was 59.37%. The number of stomata per unit area of upper and lower epidermis, stem cross section shape and karyotype of two species were significantly different, it could be used as reference indexes to identify T. crassifolium (Jacq.) Gaertn. species.