基于海洋渔业生存发展的生物多样性保护对策研究——以浙江省为例

以浙江省为例,深入讨论了海洋渔业和生物多样性之间的关系。海洋生物多样性是海洋渔业发展的物质基础,但海洋捕捞中的过度捕捞、兼捕以及海水养殖过程中的养殖塘建设、天然苗种采捕、养殖品种逃逸等均对生物多样性产生一定的影响,在降低海洋生物多样性的同时,也制约了海洋渔业的可持续发展。文章基于海洋生物多样性的现状和海洋捕捞业对海洋生物多样性的影响,针对浙江省各级政府采取各种消除生物多样性威胁的措施——建立海洋保护区、开展增殖放流、伏季休渔、实施海洋生物多样性保护管理示范活动、修复典型生境等,提出海洋生物多样性可持续发展的对策建议。认为:应进一步加强海洋保护区建设,控制捕捞强度和入海污染,科学实施围填海,实施海岸带综合管理,优化养殖模式,建立公众参与机制,完善海洋相关方面的法律、法规体系。

Study on biodiversity protection countermeasures based on survival and development of marine fishery: Take Zhejiang province as an example

In this paper,taking Zhejiang Province as an example,we deeply discussed the relationship between marine fisheries and biodiversity.As is known,marine biodiversity is the material basis for the development of marine fishery.However,overfishing,bycatch,catching natural seed,self-pollution,and the farmed species escaping also affect marine biodiversity conversely,which not only reduced marine biodiversity,but also restricted the sustainable development of marine fisheries.Based on the present situation of marine biodiversity and the effect of marine fishery on it,all levels of government have actively taken measures to eliminate threats and achieved some outcomes in improving biodiversity,such as establishment of marine reserve,implementation of multiplication and releasing,execution of summer close season,demonstration activities of management for marine biodiversity conservation,rehabilitation typical habitats and so on.The suggestions and countermeasures for the sustainable development of marine biodiversity were proposed such as strengthening the construction of marine conservation areas,controlling fishing intensity and incesscont pollutants,implementing the sea-closure and sea-filling ergineering scientificly,implementing integrated coastal zone management,optimizing the culture mode,establishing public participation mechanism and perfecting laws and regulations of marine.