昆虫嗅觉机制的研究进展

嗅觉机制对于昆虫选择栖息地、获得食物、趋利避害、传递讯息、群集以及繁殖等许多行为起到重要作用。因此,通过研究昆虫嗅觉系统,可以阐释嗅觉发生过程中的普遍机理,还有助于理解昆虫嗅觉活动与其整个生命活动之间的联系,进而为高等动物特别是人的嗅觉研究提供科学依据。并且通过对昆虫嗅觉机理的研究,发展出了一系列新的害虫治理方法,为害虫防治提供了新的思路。近年来,随着生物化学、分子生物学、昆虫行为学和昆虫电生理学的深入研究,科技人员发现了许多相关的嗅觉活性分子和嗅觉相关基因,从分子层面对昆虫嗅觉机制进行解释。本文综述了气味信号通过嗅感器转变为电信号,并由昆虫触角叶编码整合,最终传递到前脑整个过程中所涉及的分子组件及昆虫体内生理生化等方面有关进展。

Advances in Insect Olfactory Mechanism

Unlike humans ,the insect olfactory mechanism has many important effects on insect behavior ,including habitat choosing ,food‐hunting ,gathering ,tropism ,reproduction ,signal communication ,etc .The research of the insect olfactory mechanism can interpret some common mechanism of smell happened and the connection between the smell activity with the whole life activities .Thus ,it provides a scientific basis for the research of olfaction higher animals ,particularly humans . In addition ,using this kind of life activity characteristics of insect to control pest is also a kind of important means in Integrated pest management .In recent years ,with the rapid development of the insect behavior ,biochemistry ,molecular biology and insect electrophysiology ,many bioactive molecules and genes associated with olfaction were found ,and they interpret the possible reaction mechanism of sense of smell at the molecular level . In this paper , the author summarized the progress on odorant recognition , odorant‐receptor interaction at the molecular level and the mechanism of electrochemical signal transduction . What's more , the article introduces the process that the scent signals transform into electrical signal via the olfactory sensors ,then encoded and integrated by insect antennal lobe ,eventually passed to the forebrain ,and the molecular components and physiological or biochemical reaction in the insect body throughout this process .