生产要素对我国海洋渔业经济可持续发展的影响(英文)

根据资源的稀缺性理论,讨论了我国渔业生产要素对海洋渔业可持续发展的影响和生产要素的经济效率。研究表明,我国近海渔场和海洋渔业资源的减少,正成为制约我国海洋渔业可持续发展的主要因素。而近沿海海域对我国海洋养殖产业的经济增长将扮演越来越大的作用。在海洋渔业发展初期,渔业劳动力投入量对推动经济增长有较大的作用,但是,在现阶段,海洋渔业劳动力要素的投入量对海洋渔业经济的增长作用越来越低。目前,海洋渔业劳动力要素投入过剩现象已经十分严重,通过增加海洋渔业劳动力生产要素投入提高海洋渔业经济增长的作用受到制约。对资本要素的研究表明,我国渔民的平均剩余资本低,渔民再投资能力弱,造成渔业人口剩余资本低下的主要原因与我国政府农业政策和渔民的消费习惯有一定的关系。渔业技术进步能提高生产效率。然而,研究表明,大量的研究成果还未能有效地转化到生产中去。我国海洋渔业生产仍然是劳动力和土地密集型,技术革新和组织制度资源相当短缺。尤其是组织和制度资源的短缺,将成为制约我国海洋渔业经济可持续发展的最大问题。我国海洋渔业生产的组织资源表现出明显的极性结构。一端是仍然带有计划经济色彩的集权渔业管理机构,一端是已经完全市场化的高度分散的生产个体。在...

Effects of fisheries production factors on the sustainable development of Chinese marine fisheries economics

The paper analysis the impacts of the production factors on the marine fisheries sustainable development by the scarcity theory of resources. According to the scarcity theory of the resources, shrinking and reducing of fishing ground and marine fishery resources have become the major factor to restrain the sustainable development of Chinese marine fisheries. After years overfishing, the abundance of fish in Chinese inshore waters decreased sharply. However, the investigation shows that fish farming in near shore and off-shore could make a great contribution to sustainable development of marine fisheries. The study also shows that, for increasing productivity of Chinese marine fisheries, the human resource is one of important facts, which obviously influences the productivity of labor force while the fisheries is in a preliminary stage. But the impact from the labor force on economic growth rate will become weaker while the inputs of labor ft rce approach a certain level. Investigation shows that the average surplus capita held by Chinese fishermen is very lower and their investment ability is very weak. The reason causing shortage of surplus-profit is in related to the governmental agriculture policies and consumption pattern of fish farmers. Technological progress in fisheries improved the progress of fishery production. However, a lot of research achievement is still staying in universities and research institutes and does not translate into economic activity of fisheries. The Chinese marine fisheries are facing serious shortage of organization and institutional resources. There were a few examples communities and local self-governed loodies existing in China during 50 's and 60 's. The large and complicated government system connects with decentralized farmer families through village organizations which are neither an administrative unit nor a government institution.