冬季河蟹人工育苗的生产试验

随着我国河蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈ． Ｍｉｍｅ－Ｅｄｗａｒｄｓ １８５３年）养殖业的日益发展，河蟹的人工繁育和增养殖技术不断完善，河蟹产量不断上升；但是，北方河蟹的性早熟，制约着河蟹的养殖，该试验旨在探讨蟹苗当年养成商品蟹的养殖途径。在北方当年苗养成商品蟹生长期仅有５个多月，所以很难达到商品规格。若在冬季育，经过暂养，春季投放大规格的仔蟹，当年养成商品蟹就成为可能。为此，我们在１９９４～１９９５年１月，在大港区滨海养殖场进行了冬季河蟹人工育苗的生产性试验，通过对生产车间的改造，亲蟹的暂养、交配、抱卵及人工育苗等，于１９９４年 １２月 ８日和 １９９５年１月１５日，共人工繁育蟹苗（大眼幼体）１１５ ｋｇ，取得了冬季育苗的成功。然后将蟹苗养成仔蟹，（在张家港）当年１０月，养成商品蟹，平均规格１００ｇ／只以上。取得了很高的经济效益和社会效益。

Experiment on Artificial Reproduction of Chinese Mitten Crab in Winter

As the breeding of Chinese mitten crab develops in China,the artificial reproduction techniques become more and more perfect,and the output of Chinese mitten crab rises. But the precocity of this kind of crab in the north restricts their breeding. This experiment studied the ways of how to breed megalopa to commodity crabs in one year. In the north, the megalopa growth period to commodity crabs is only 5 months in one year which makes them have difficulty in reaching commodity standard. If megalopas bred in winter for a short period, for the next spring,it is possible for big juveniles to grow to commodity crabs in the same year. For this purpose,we tried artificial reproduction in winter of 1994-1995 on Binhai Breeding Farm. On December sib, 1994 and January 15th, 1995,we successfully produced 115 kg megalopas. These megalopas were bred to juveniles,and in October of this year,they grew to commodity crabs whose average weight exceeded 100 g. In this experiment,the economic and social results are satisfactory.