大菱鲆饥饿前后消化道的定量组织学初步研究

采用解剖、石蜡切片、HE染色、光学显微镜技术等，对大菱鲆消化道的组织结构特征以及饥饿前后消化道组织结构的变化进行了观察，测量了食道、胃和肠道纹状缘厚度、柱状细胞高、壁厚、肌层厚以及食道和肠道杯状细胞大小，并对测量数据进行了统计学分析。结果显示：大菱鲆的消化道由内至外分别由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层组成，食道和肠道具有杯状细胞，且从前肠到直肠杯状细胞数量增多，但粘膜皱褶逐渐变矮。食道肌肉层为内纵外环的横纹肌，而胃和肠道为内环外纵的平滑肌。饥饿10d大菱鲆的消化道纹状缘高度均无显著变化，但肠道纹状缘有断裂脱落现象；从食道到直肠柱状细胞的高度均显著降低、杯状细胞体积均显著变小；食道与胃的肌肉层厚度无显著变化，而肠道的肌肉层显著变薄。

Preliminary Studies on Quantitative Histology of Digestive Tract of Scophthalmus maximus Before and After Starvation

In this paper, the techniques of anatomy, paraffin section, HE staining and microscopy were used to observe the histological structure of the digestive tract of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Furthermore, the effects of starvation on histology of digestive tract were studied by measuring the thickness of striated border, height of colunmar cells, wall and muscle layer thickness in digestive tract and the size of mucous cell in esophagus and intestine, also, the statistical data were analyzed. The results were as follows. Digestive tract was consisted of mucosa, submucosa, muscles and serosa layer. There were goblet cells in esophagus and intestine. From foregut to hindgut, the density of goblet cell increased, while the number and height of mucosa rugae decreased. In esophagus, the muscle was striated muscle, the inner was longitudinal and the outer was circular. However, in other segments of digestive tract, the muscle was made of smooth muscle cells, and the inner was circular and the outer was longitudinal. After starvation for 10 days, the thickness of striated border of digestive tract didn＇t show significant changes, but the striated border of intestine disrupted and exfoliated. The height of columnar cells and the size of goblet cells significantly reduced in digestive. The thickness of muscle layer had no significant changes in esophagus and stomach, while it siguificantly decreased in intestine. This study provided scientific data for understanding turbot to the starvation tolerance and artificial culture of the fish.