氮肥施用时期和施用量对水稻产量和食味品质的影响

以优质品种、W45为材料研究了不周施氮时期和不同施氮比例条件下水稻单株产量、产量性状、品质性状间的相互关系。结果表明：单株产量与穗粒数、千粒重、经济系数、有效穗数均呈极显著正相关关系；经济系数与穗粒数、千粒重、有效穗数也均呈极显著正相关关系；食味值与蛋自质含量、粉状粒百分含量呈极显著负相关关系，与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关关系；粉状粒百分含量与蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关关系；N10处理的水稻产量最高，N1处理的稻米食味值最高。即种植W45水稻品种，在总施肥量P2O510．8kg／（667m^2），K2O10kg／（667m^2），N18．4kg／（667m^2）的条件下，如果只要求优质，应该选择N1处理的底肥：蘖肥：穗肥=7：3：0的施氮比例；如果只要求高产或既要求高产又要求优质，应该选择N10处理的底肥：蘖肥：穗肥=3：4：3的旅氮比例。

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Amount and Different Nitrogen Application Periods on Yield and Taste Value of Rice

The variety of W45 was selected to study the correlation among the yield per plant, the yield traits and the quality traits under different amount of nitrogen fertilizer and different nitrogen application periods. The results show that there were significantly positive relationships between the yield per plant and the number of spike kernels, and also between the yield per plant and thousand-grain weight, economic coefficient and the effective number of ears, respectively. Meanwhile, there were also significantly positive relationships between economic coefficient and the number of spike kernels, thousand-grain weight, and the effective number of ears. The taste value was extremely significantly negative with the protein content, the percentage of powdery grain, while significantly negative relationship could be found between the taste value and the content of amylose. And the percentage of powdery grain was extremely significantly positive with protein content. Among all the treatments, the rice yield was the highest in treatment N10 and the taste value was the highest in treatment N1. That is to say, on the fertilization condition of 10.8 kg/（667 m^2） 1：205, 10 kg/（667 m^2） K20 and 18.4 kg/（667 m^2） N, treatment N1 （basic fertilizer ： tillering fertilizer ： panicle fertilizer =7 ： 3 ： 0） could achieve high quality, and treatment N10 （basic fertilizer ; tillering fertilizer ： panicle fertilizer=3 ： 4 ： 3） could achieve high quality and high yield or only high yield.