3种百里香精油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和气相色谱?质谱联用技术（GC-MS），比较原生百里香（Thymus vulgaris）、柠檬金边百里香（Thymus citriodorus）和阔叶百里香（Thymus serpyllum）茎叶精油的含油率、化学组成及其相对含量的差异。结果表明:3种百里香的精油含油率介于1.50～4.82 mL·kg?1之间，其中，以阔叶百里香的精油含油率最高。在这3种精油中，共鉴定出59种化合物，其中，23种萜烯类，13种醇类，7种酯类，4种酚类，3种酮类，5种烷烃类，2种醚类，2种醛类。在原生百里香和阔叶百里香的精油中，分别鉴定出34种和35种化合物，其中，百里香酚相对质量分数最高（37.45%和40.17%），归类为百里香酚型；柠檬金边百里香精油含有29种化合物，其中，顺式香叶醇相对质量分数最高（36.01%），归类为香叶醇型，具有浓郁的柠檬香气。不同种百里香精油成分种类和含量存在明显差异，本研究可为泉州地区百里香的开发利用提供依据。

GC-MS Analysis of Components of Essential Oil from Three Thymus Species

The content and the compositions of essential oils extracted with steam distillation from three species of thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Thymus citriodorus, Thymus serpyllum) were analyzed by using GC-MS method and compared. The results showed that the contents of essential oils extracted from the three Thymus species were 0.15?5.00 mL·kg?1, of which the essential oil content of T. serpyllum was the highest. There were 59 volatile components in the essential oils detected, including 23 terpenes, 13 alcohols, 7 esters, 4 phenols, 3 ketones, 5 alkanes, 2 ethers and 2 aldehydes. T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum were detected to contain 34 and 35 compounds in the essential oils, respectively, and their relative contents of thymol were the highest (37.45% and 40.17%, respectively), based on which they were grouped as the thymol type. T. citriodorus was identified to contain 29 compounds in the essential oil, and its relative content of cis-geraniol was the highest (36.01%), based on which it was listed as geraniol type, and had a strong aroma of Lemon. There are significant differences in type and content of components in the essential oil among the three Thymus species, which might provide some evidences for the development and utilization of the three Thymus species in Quanzhou, Fujiang.