一种木麻黄灵芝茎腐病病原鉴定及生物学特性

2018年，在海南省万宁市的木麻黄（Casuarina equisetifolia）活立木上发现了一种灵芝茎腐病。为明确该病害的病原菌种类及其生物学特性，笔者采用常规组织分离法，从其担子果分离出10株形态相同的菌株，并选取其中具有代表性的优势菌株(编号为MMHJF001)对其进行致病性测定、形态学特征鉴定、rDNA-ITS和SSU序列分析，构建系统发育树，以及生物学特性测定。结果表明:引起木麻黄灵芝茎腐病的病原菌为南方灵芝（Ganoderma australe）。该病原菌菌丝生长最适温度为28 ℃，最适 pH为7，黑暗条件有利菌丝生长，且在耳叶相思（Acacia auriculiformis）、银合欢（Leucaena leucocephala）、橡胶（Hevea brasiliensis）植物浸汁培养基上生长较好。

Identification and Biological Characteristics of a Ganoderma Stem Rot Pathogen Infecting Casuarina equisetifolia

A Ganoderma stem rot disease was found to infect Casuarina equisetifolia in 2018 in Wanning City, Hainan Province. In order to clarify the pathogen species and biological characteristics of the disease, 10 strains with the same morphology were isolated from basidiocarps by using the conventional tissue separation method. MMHJF001, a representative strain with excellent growth, was selected for pathogenicity determination, morphological identification, sequence analysis of rDNA-ITS and SSU, phylogenetic tree construction, and biological characteristics determination. The results showed that the pathogen causing the stem rot of C. equisetifolia was Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the pathogen is 28 ℃, and the optimum pH is 7.0. Dark conditions are conducive to mycelial growth of the pathogen, and the pathogen grows better on the plant extract media from Acacia auriculiformis, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) and Hevea brasiliensis.