基于线粒体控制区的海南岛3种弹涂鱼的遗传多样性

采集中国海南岛3种弹涂鱼群体并进行遗传多样性研究，通过使用线粒体控制区基因部分序列作为遗传标记，获得3种弹涂鱼共195个长度为836 bp的D-loop基因片段序列，分析其群体的遗传多样性、遗传分化、种群历史动态。结果表明:（1）弹涂鱼多样性最为丰富，大鳍弹涂鱼次之，大弹涂鱼较为缺乏。（2）遗传分化指数(F_st) 表明海南岛弹涂鱼群体中三亚的与临高、东方、乐东的存在中等程度分化，分子方差分析（AMOVA）结果表明总体不存在遗传分化；大弹涂鱼群体F_st表明文昌和东方的群体存在分化，AMOVA 分析结果表明总体存在中等程度分化；弹涂鱼与大鳍弹涂鱼亲缘关系较近，通过线粒体控制区基因标记可将它们较好地区分。（3）中性检验和不配对分布结果表明大弹涂鱼文昌群体经历过扩张。综合分析结果表明，大弹涂鱼应该作为优先保护的种类。

Analysis of genetic diversity of three Mudskipper populations in Hainan Island based on mitochondrial control region sequences

Mudskipper is a fish of goby family with high economic and ecological value. Markers of mitochondrial control region were used to analyze genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history among nine populations of three mudskipper species, such as Periophthalmus modestus, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus, for better conservation of Mudskipper resources. All samples were separately collected from nine localities (Haikou, Wenchang, Chengmai, Lingao, Danzhou, Changjiang, Dongfang, Ledong and Sanya) in Hainan Island. As a result, we have obtained 195 D-Loop gene sequences of with a length of 836 bp from all the Mudskipper samples. The analysis showed that P. modestus is highest in genetic diversity with B. pectinirostris being the lowest among the three mudskipper species. The genetic differentiation indexes (F_st) of P. modestus indicated that there are moderate genetic differentiations between Sanya and each of Lingao, Dongfang and Ledong populations. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of P. modestus suggested the absence of genetic variation within populations. The F_st of B. pectinirostris showed that there is a high genetic differentiation between Wenchang and Dongfang populations, and the AMOVA of B. pectinirostris suggested the existence of moderate difference within populations. The genetic distance analysis of the three mudskipper species showed that P. modestus and P. magnuspinnatus populations had the closest relationship and could be distinguished by D-Loop gene sequences. The neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis showed that the Wenchang population of B. pectinirostris was obviously expanded in its evolution. All the results showed that genetic resources of B. pectinirostris among three mudskippers populations should be conserved as a priority.