土壤微生物多样性的主要影响因子及其效应

农田土壤类型、农业耕作方式以及农业植被类型等都是影响土壤微生物多样性的主要因素。长期种植不同作物以及实行不同的轮作方式对改变土壤微生物类群及其主要组成有显著影响；植被的破坏可直接导致土壤微生物多样性的丧失和微生物生物量的下降。以往对土壤微生物多样性的研究仅限于可培养的微生物类群而具有较大的局限性。分子生态学技术的发展，为微生物多样性的研究开辟了新的途径。

Main factors of soil microbial diversity and their effect on cropland

Soil type, tillage practices, and vegetation type are the three main factors on soil microbial diversity. Different crops or different rotation ways for a long time may all cause changes in the main populations of soil microbes. The destruction of the vegetation will result in decline of soil microbial diversity and the reduction of the biomass amount of soil microbes directly. Study on soil microbial diversity in the past has greater limitation for only those microbes that can be cultured. The development of molecular ecological technology has offered a new way to the research on microbial diversity.