秸秆还田和施肥对耕层土壤养分变异的影响

以定位试验和河北省土壤养分调查的数据为基础,重点研究了秸秆还田和施肥对土壤养分循环的影响。结果表明,施用氮磷钾肥后土壤有机质比10年前提高0.14～0.21个百分点,在施用氮磷钾肥的基础上,秸秆还田的土壤有机质含量比秸秆不还田提高0.02～0.1个百分点;同时,秸秆还田还能提高土壤容重和田间持水量,改善土壤质量。与1982年相比河北省土壤有机质除张家口、承德下降外,其余9地市都呈上升趋势,土壤速效磷11个地市全部上升,土壤速效钾11个地市则普遍下降。

Study on the Effects of Fertilizer and Straw Return to Soil on Plowland Nutrients Variety

The long term experiment and soil nutrient data in Hebei province showed that the wheat straw return to soil and fertilization are important to soil nutrient recycle. Wheat straw return and fertilization could increase soil organic matter. The application of fertilizer with N P K made the soil organic matter increase by 0. 14 -0. 21 percent over 10 years ago. Wheat straw return, based on the application of fertilizerN P K, made the soil organic matter increase by 0.02% - 0. 1%than that of no wheat straw return to soil. Wheat straw return could not only increase soil organic matter but also improve soil bulk density and water holding capacity. 10 thousands soil data in Hebei province showed that the soil organic content was in an increasing trend except for Zhangjiankou and Chengde, the content of soil available P was also increased but the content of available K was declined, compared with the data in 1982.