2种丁香开花授粉生物学特性研究

以紫丁香和什锦丁香为试验材料,对其开花习性和授粉特性进行调查研究。观察了紫丁香和什锦丁香的花器结构、开花形态、开花顺序、开花持续期、花粉活力及结实率等生物学特性。结果表明：紫丁香和什锦丁香均为两性花,紫丁香1 a开花1次,什锦丁香1 a开花2次。紫丁香群体开花大约在4月上中旬开始,5月初进入盛花期,5月中下旬开花基本结束;什锦丁香第1次花期在4月下旬～5月下旬,第2次花期在7月下旬～9月上旬。紫丁香和什锦丁香的花粉活力相对较高,放置5 d后紫丁香花粉基本降至无活力,而什锦丁香第1次开花的花粉活力可持续到第5 d;紫丁香的自然授粉结实率和自花授粉结实率都很高,而什锦丁香第1次开花的自然结实率仅为5.12%,第2次开花的自然结实率和自花授粉结实率均为0。

Study on Biological Characteristics of Flowering and Pollination of Two Species of Syringa L

The flowering habits and pollination characteristics of Syringa oblate and S.chinensis were studied.The floral oragans structure,flower shape,following sequence,flowering time,pollen viability and seed setting rate were observed.The results showed that the flowers of S.oblate and S.chinensis were bisexual flowers.S.oblate flowered one time a year,and flowering began in the first and middle ten-day of April,entered the full flowering stage in the early of May was,and ended in the late and middle ten-day of May.S.chinensis flowered two times a year,which flowered firstly from the late ten-day of April to the late ten-day of May,and secondly from the late ten-day of July to the early ten-day of September.The pollen viability of two species was relatively high,that of S.oblate decreased to 0 five days after storage,and that of S.chinensis was continued to the fifth days.The seed setting rate of natural pollination of the first flowering of S.chinensis was only 5.12%.The seed setting rates of natural pollination and self-pollination of the second flowering of S.chinensis were 0,while thoses of S.oblate were high.