夏玉米品种间籽粒灌浆与产量形成特性的差异分析

为了解不同夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆与产量形成特性的差异,应用12个新育成品种（系）,采用随机区组试验方法对籽粒灌浆速率、含水量和百粒体积变化及产量形成进程等进行了研究。结果表明：在授粉后6-12 d,产量〉9 000 kg/hm^2的4个品种平均籽粒灌浆速率分别比产量8 000-9 000 kg/hm^2和〈8 000 kg/hm^2的8个品种平均值高57.58%和107.42%;灌浆高峰出现时间较早,较其它产量水平的品种提早6 d左右,授粉后18 d的籽粒干重分别高出其它水平23.2%和64.8%,产量建成早。籽粒灌浆期内,产量〈8 000 kg/hm^2品种的籽粒含水率较高,百粒体积较小,而产量〉9 000 kg/hm^2品种的籽粒含水率较低,百粒体积相对较大。这对于产量建成和后期脱水具有重要的实际意义。

Differential Analysis on Grain Filling and Yield Formation Characteristics among Different Summer Maize Varieties

In order to understand the difference of grain filling and yield formation characteristics among different summer maize varieties,the grain filling,water content of grains,100-grain volume and yield formation progress was conducted among 12 varieties by using random design trial.The result showed that grain filling ratio of hybrids with yield more than 9 000 kg/hm2(Xundan22,Yayu12,Zhengdan958 and Aigan225) was faster than others during 6-12 days after pollination,which was higher 57.58% and 107.42% than that of yield between 8 000 kg/hm2 and 9 000 kg/hm2 and less than 8 000 kg/hm2.The earlier filling peak appeared in 24-30 days after pollination ahead of 6 days than others and dry weight of seed was higher 23.27% and 64.78% than others after pollination 18 days,which was earlier yield formation.At the same time,grain water content was higher and 100-grain volume was the lower for yield less than 8 000 kg/hm2,but for hybrids of yield more than 9 000 kg/hm2,grain water content was lower and the 100-grain volume was higher during filling period,which was important for yield formation and water losing within limited growing period.