河北省畜禽粪尿产污量估算以及污染风险评估

对农业面源污染主要污染源的养殖业废弃物进行产生量估算和风险评估,为河北省农业面源污染防控提供支撑。通过收集2014年河北省畜禽养殖量数据,利用各类畜禽粪便排泄系数,对河北省主要畜禽粪尿产污量进行了估算;参考畜禽粪便土地负荷警报值分级的环境影响,对河北省畜禽粪便、氮、磷耕地负荷进行了污染风险评价。估算结果显示,河北省2014年畜禽养殖业主要畜禽粪尿排放总量为14 109.05万t,其中,石家庄、唐山、邯郸和保定4个地市的畜禽粪尿排放总量占河北省总排放量的50.75%。牛粪尿产生量最高,占河北省畜禽粪尿产生总量的38.65%;其次是猪粪尿产生量,占24.71%;鸡粪产生量位列第3位,占22.26%。表明鸡、牛和猪是河北省畜禽粪尿污染物排放的主要来源,BOD、COD、NH3-N、TN、TP排放总量分别占总污染物排放量的97.04%、96.65%、95.16%、86.38%和87.90%。对环境影响风险评价发现,磷负荷影响严重,氮负荷和粪便负荷影响较轻。相比河北省其他地市,石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、邯郸、承德畜禽粪尿对环境影响程度较大。

Quantity Estimation and Risk Assessment of Animal Manure Pollution in Hebei Province

Due to animal manure becomes main resources of agricultural non-point pollution, this paper was focused on quantity and risk of animal manure in Hebei Province. The methed used was collecting data of 2014 livestock and poultry breeding in Hebei Province, adopted feces excretion coefficient of all kinds of livestock and poultry, referring the alarm grades of land carrying for livestock and poultry ma-nure,its pollution risk assessment in Hebei Province had made. The results showed that 141.090 5 million ton of manure was produced by main livestock in 2014 in Hebei Province. Livestock and poultry manure emissions of Shijiazhuang,Tangshan,Handan and Baoding cities accounted for 50.75% of the total emis-sions in Hebei Province. Cattle and cow produced the highest amount of livestock manure in Hebei Province, accounting for 38.65% of total amount. Pig produced 24.71%. Chicken accounted for 22.26%. The conclusion was that chickens, cattle and cow, pigs were main source of livestock manure in Hebei Province. They emissioned BOD, COD, NH3-N, TN, TP accounted for 97.04%, 96.65%, 95.16%, 86.38% and 87.90 of the total pollutant emissions. For risk assessment to environment, phosphorus load for land was serious, nitrogen load and manure load had less impact. Compared to other cities in Hebei Province, the livestock and poultry manure influence degree on the environment of Shijiazhuang, Tang-shan,Qinhuangdao,Handan,Chengde were more serious.