种植密度对玉米产量及产量性状的影响

分析不同密度条件下产量及相关产量性状的变化规律,探讨种植密度对玉米产量性状指标的影响,可以为玉米生产上合理密植提供依据。采用裂区试验设计,以多抗较耐密玉米品种丹玉86号和高抗耐密玉米新组合丹3363为试验材料,种植密度设52 500、60 000、67 500、75 000和82 500株/hm2计5个水平,研究了种植密度对玉米产量及相关产量性状的影响。结果表明：丹玉86号种植密度在52 500～82 500株/hm2范围内,产量与密度呈二次回归方程的关系,其中,在60 000株/hm2密度时产量最高;丹3363在75 000株/hm2密度时产量最高,在52 500株/hm2密度时产量最低。2个品种穗行数、行粒数和粒长随密度变化不大,穗粒重随密度增大均呈下降趋势。丹玉86号穗长、千粒重和秃尖长度均在67 500株/hm2密度时最大,在75 000株/hm2密度时最小;丹3363穗长、千粒重和秃尖长度随密度变化不明显。丹玉86号穗粗随密度增加而减小,出籽率随密度变化不明显;丹3363穗粗在60 000株/hm2密度时最大、在67 500株/hm2密度时最小,出籽率在52 500～75 000株/hm2密度范围内变化不明显、在82 500株/hm2密度时降低。丹玉86号在75 000株/hm2密度时粒宽最大、粒厚最小,在67 500株/hm2密度时粒宽最小、粒厚最大;丹3363粒宽和粒厚随密度变化不明显。密度对不同品种产量及产量性状的影响不同,生产上应结合品种自身的特性进行合理密植。

Effects of Planting Density on Yield and Yield Characters of Maize

Using the multiple resistance and high-density tolerance maize hybrid Danyu No.86 and high resistance and high-density tolerance maize combination Dan 3363 as the materials,the effects of planting density on yield and yield characters of maize were studied by split plot experiment design.The results showed that the relationship of yield of Danyu No.86 and planting density were conformed to the quadratic regression equation in the density of 52 500 to 82 500 plants/hm2,and the yield was the highest in the density of 60 000 plants/hm2.The yield of Dan 3363 was the highest in the density of 75 000 plants/hm2,and the lowest yield was in the density of 52 500 plants/hm2.The ear rows,kernels per row and kernel length did not change significantly with the density,while the kernel weight per ear reduced with the increasing of density.The ear length,1 000-kernel weight and bare tip length of Danyu No.86 were the largest in the density of 67 500 plants/hm2,while those were the lowest in the density of 75 000 plants/hm2.The ear length,1 000-kernel weight and bare tip length of Dan 3363 did not change significantly with the density.The ear diameter of Danyu No.86 reduced with the increasing of the density,and the kernel rate did not change significantly with the density.The ear diameter of Dan 3363 was the largest in the density of 60 000 plants/hm2,while that was the lowest in the density of 60 000 plants/hm2.The kernel rate of Dan 3363 did not change significantly in the density of 52 500 to 75 000 plants/hm2,and that reduced to the lowest in the density of 82 500 plants/hm2.The kernel width of Danyu No.86 was the largest and the kernel thickness was the lowest in the density of 75 000 plants/hm2,while the kernel width was the lowest and the kernel thickness was the largest in the density of 67 500 plants/hm2.The kernel width and kernel thickness of Dan 3363 did not change significantly with the density.The effects of planting density on the yield and yield characters were different among different varieties.The characteristics of maize varieties should be combined with rational close planting.