节水型冬小麦品种的分类 产量变化规律及应用研究

全面概括节水型小麦品种的特征特性,明确不同小麦品种产量随灌水变化而变化的规律,可为生产上不同区域选择不同类型的小麦品种提供科学依据。以冀中南小麦生产上推广应用的22个小麦品种为试材,2009～2011年在赵县农业科学研究所原种场,采取随机区组排列的方法安排参试品种,在冬前足墒播种的情况下分别进行了春季灌溉0水、1水和2水（该区域平水年壤土麦田主要灌水模式）3个处理,在小麦成熟期采取五点取样法进行测产。根据小麦品种对灌水反应的敏感程度,利用系统聚类分析的方法,对参试小麦品种进行了分类;并分析了不同类型小麦品种在不同灌水次数下的产量变化规律。结果表明：22个小麦品种划分为高敏感型、中敏感型和低敏感型3个类型的品种;随着灌水次数的增加,不同类型小麦品种之间的产量差异逐渐缩小,目前生产上应用的大部分小麦品种在正常年份灌2水情况下均能够表现出应有的产量水平。在不同灌水次数下,参试小麦品种的产量排位变化很大,因此全面衡量1个品种的抗旱能力,应考虑在旱栽培和不同灌水条件下的综合表现。一般生产上应首先选择既高产又对水分反应中、低敏感型的品种,可以保证无论是在旱年还是在平水年或丰水年均表现稳产、高产;对于水浇条件好的保浇地,可选用综合性状好、对水分反应高敏感型的高产品种,以确保获得理想产量和较高效益;纯旱地或扩浇地麦田,可选用抗旱系数高、产量表现好的小麦品种。

Classification,Variation of Yield and Application of Water-saving Winter Wheat Varieties

The characteristics of water-saving winter wheat varieties were summarized, and the variation of yield with irrigation was studied in order to provide the scientific basis for the selection of different types of varieties in different regions. Using 22 wheat varieties applied in the middle and south of Hebei Province as the materials, seeds were sowed in full basic soil water before winter, three irrigation models were tested in spring in the raw seed farm of Zhaoxian Institute of Agriculture Sciences from 2009 to 2011, and the yield was estimated. The wheat varieties were classified by systematic cluster analysis based on the susceptibility to irrigation, and the variation of yield of different types of varieties with irrigation times was analyzed. The results showed that the tested varieties were divided into three types （ high susceptibility type, moderate susceptibility type and low susceptibility type） . With the increase of irrigation times, the differences in yield of different types of wheat varieties decreased gradually. The yield of most of varieties used in production under irrigating two times could reach the normal level in normal year. The sequence of the yield of tested varieties varied greatly under different irrigation times. To evaluate the drought resistance, the comprehensive performance of a variety under dry and different irrigation conditions should be considered. In general, the varieties with high yield and moderate or low susceptibility to water should be selected in production, which could ensure the stable and high yield. Under good irrigation condition, the varieties with good comprehensive characters, high susceptibility to water and high yield could be selected to ensure the ideal yield and higher benefit. In dry land, the varieties with high drought resistance coefficient and high yield could be selected.