张家口地区春玉米平衡施肥研究

以纪元一号玉米品种为试材,采用3414完全方案设计,另增加1个单施有机肥处理,研究不同施肥量对北方春玉米产量的影响,以确定玉米主要肥料需求量及比例。结果表明：不施任何肥料处理的产量最低,仅占正常施肥产量的80.6%,平衡施肥对提高春玉米产量至关重要。目前推广使用的N2P2K2配方（N施用量310.5 kg/hm2、P2O5施用量157.5 kg/hm2、K2O施用量162.0 kg/hm2）,氮、磷用量合理,钾用量偏低,可采用稳氮、控磷、增钾予以调整。本研究条件下,纪元一号在N2P2K3处理下产量最高为13 530.0 kg/hm2。有机肥是完全肥料,施用有机肥取代化肥,高产肥田效果好。本研究结果对指导北方地区春玉米施肥具有重要意义。

Research on Balance Fertilization of Spring Maize in Zhangjiakou

Using maize variety Jiyuanyihao as the material,the effect of fertilizer rate on the yield of spring maize was studied by 3414 design.The results showed that the yield was the lowest without applying fertilizer,which was only 80.6% of that with the normal fertilization.The balance fertilization was very important for improving yield.In the formula of N2P2K2（N 310.5 kg/hm2,P2O5 157.5 kg/hm2 and K2O 162.0 kg/hm2）,the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus were reasonable,while that of potassium was lower,so the amount of nitrogen should be stabilized,that of phosphorus should be controlled,and that of potassium should be increased.The yield was the highest（13 530.0 kg/hm2）with the treatment of N2P2K3.Organic manure was complete fertilizer,which could increase the soil fertility and instead of chemical fertilizer.This research had important significance for fertilization of spring maize in north china.