拉枝时期和角度对矮化中间砧苹果枝条生长的影响

为了增加矮化中间砧苹果的中短枝数量以利于早期丰产,以3 a生石富短枝/SH3/海棠为试材,研究了不同拉枝时期（4月、6月、8月、10月）和拉枝角度（水平、下垂、斜生）对其枝条生长的影响。结果表明：相同拉枝时间,水平拉枝抽生中短枝的比例最大,下垂拉枝次之,二者差异不显著;相同拉枝角度,随着拉枝时间的推移,枝条抽生中短枝的比例呈逐渐降低趋势,但4~8月拉枝处理差异均不显著。在4~8月所有水平和下垂拉枝处理中,除4月水平拉枝抽生的中短枝比例显著高于8月下垂拉枝外,其他处理差异均不显著。在对矮化中间砧苹果整形时,应根据具体的栽植密度把主枝角度控制在水平或下垂状态,且拉枝时期越早,效果越好。

Effects of Branch Bending Phases and Angles on the Branch Growth of Apple with Dwarfing Intermediate Stock

The effects of branch bending phases and angles on the branch growth of apple Shifuduanzhi grafted on SH3（dwarfing intermediate stock）and crabapple（basal stock）were studied in order to increase the quantity of middle and spur shoots for early high yield.The results indicated that at the same branch bending time,the proportion of middle and spur shoots of level bending was the largest,then dropping bending,while the difference was not significant.Under the same branch angle,with the delay of bending,the proportion of middle and spur shoots decreased gradually,while the differences among different bending phases were not significant.The proportion of middle and spur shoots of level bending in April was significantly higher than that of dropping bending in August,while other branch angles from April to August had no significant differences.In the shaping of apple grafted on the dwarfing intermediate stock,the appropriate branch angle level or dropping according to the planting density,and earlier the branch bending,better the effeciencey.