炭基肥料种类对土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响

炭基肥料是利用生物质炭与其他肥料混合制成的长效肥料,具有肥效高、无毒无害、改善土壤理化性质、不污染环境、减少化肥农药使用量等优点。为了筛选适于玉米生产的炭基肥料,以玉米郑单958为试材,以玉米专用肥为对照,在施肥量均为1 080 kg/hm2条件下,研究了炭粉和氮磷钾养分配比不同的4种炭基肥料对商丘地区土壤pH值和容重的影响以及在玉米上的施用效果。结果表明：施用炭基肥料可以调节土壤pH值向中性靠近,提高疏松土壤的容重从而改善其通气透水性能,且这种调节作用均随炭粉施用量的增加而加大,但在较短时间内效果并不显著。不同炭基肥料对玉米产量性状和产量的影响不同,其中,施用YT3炭基肥料的玉米穗长、穗粗、出籽率、穗粒数和千粒重均最大,最终产量最高为9 726.90 kg/hm2,较CK增产10.94%,增产极显著;施用YT2炭基肥料的产量（9 339.45 kg/hm2）次之,增产率为6.52%,增产显著。在商丘地区,施用YT3和YT2炭基肥料均可以优化土壤的物理性状,改善玉米的产量性状,最终显著提高玉米产量,其效果明显优于施用化学肥料。

Effects of Carbon Base Fertilizers on Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yield

Carbon base fertilizer was the long-term fertilizer mixing the biomass carbon and other fertilizers,which had the characters of high efficiency,innocuity,harmless,improving soil physical and chemical properties,no pollution,and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.To select the suitable carbon base fertilizer for maize production,the effects of four carbon base fertilizers mixing carbon powder and N,P and K with different proportion on the soil pH value,bulk density and the yield of maize Zhengdan 958 were studied with the 1 080 kg/hm2 of fertilizer rate in Shangqiu.The results showed that the carbon base fertilizer could adjust soil pH value to neutral,and increase the soil bulk density so as to improve its ventilation permeable performance.The adjustment function increased with the increasing of carbon powder,while in a relatively short period,the effect was not significant.The effects of different carbon base fertilizers on the yield traits and yield were different.With YT3 carbon base fertilizer,the ear length,ear diameter,seed-producing percentage,grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight were the biggest,and the final yield was the highest（9 726.90 kg/hm2）,which increased by 10.94%.The yield with YT2 carbon base fertilizer was 9 339.45 kg/hm2,which increased by 6.52%.In Shangqiu,YT3 and YT2 carbon base fertilizers could optimize the soil physical properties,increase the yield of maize,and the effects were significantly better than that of chemical fertilizers.