河北省粮食安全现状及草食家畜的节粮潜力

为了解河北省粮食安全现状以及草食家畜的节粮潜力,应用2008年河北省统计资料和相关文献的数据,计算了河北省粮食产量及消费量,并根据粗饲料产量,计算了河北省草食家畜的节粮潜力。结果表明：2008年河北省基本粮食需求占当年该省粮食总产量的45%,生猪和家禽饲养耗粮占粮食总产量的57%,粮食生产已不能满足粮食消费需求。加上工业用粮增加、人口增长、城镇化率上升和耕地面积减少,河北省粮食安全压力与日俱增。通过对河北省粗饲料供给量的统计和载畜量的计算,发现作物秸秆和饲草等粗饲料资源还有较大的开发空间。在粮食产量增幅有限的情况下,充分利用尚未开发的粗饲料资源发展草食家畜生产,每年可节约粮食近765万t,占河北省2008年粮食产量的26.32%,对缓解河北省粮食生产压力、优化城乡居民食物结构和确保粮食安全具有重要意义。

Current Status of Food Security and Grain-saving Potential of Herbivorous Livestock Raising in Hebei Province

To elaborate current status of food security and grain-saving potential of herbivorous livestock in Hebei province,grain production and consumption were calculated based on the statistical data of Hebei in 2008 and related digital data.The grain-saving potential of herbivorous livestock was estimated on the basis of the output of natural grassland,artificial grassland,crop straw,silage maize,fallow field and tree leaves.The results showed that the basic grain demand accounted for 45% of the total grain output of Hebei province in 2008,and grain consumption of poultry and pig accounted for 57%.Grain consumption for industrial purpose was gradually increasing.At the same time,population was increasing,urban rate was rising,arable land was reducting but the growth potential of grain yield was limited.Food security faces a formidable challenge in Hebei.Developing herbivorous livestock production,is an effective approach to maintain and increase grain production by fully utilizing all crops straw and fodder resources such as forage,corn stalks,wheat straw,etc.Nearly 7.65 million t grain could be saved if the untapped roughage resources were exploited.The grain-saving livestock raising pattern could effectively ease the pressure on grain production,optimize food structure of urban and rural residents and ensure the food security in Hebei Province.