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玉米与小麦秸秆无土栽培基质的理化性状分析
引用本文:高新昊,张志斌,郭世荣.玉米与小麦秸秆无土栽培基质的理化性状分析[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(4):131-134.
作者姓名:高新昊  张志斌  郭世荣
作者单位:1. 南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏,南京,210095;中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京,100081
2. 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京,100081
3. 南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏,南京,210095
基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划);国家科技攻关计划
摘    要:将1~5cm的玉米与小麦秸秆,按质量添加15%鸡粪与1%尿素,堆制90d后风干,测定其理化性状。结果表明:两种秸秆单独作为栽培基质时存在物理性状的缺陷,体积质量偏小,大小孔隙比偏大;玉米秸秆基质pH值偏高,而小麦秸秆基质电导率(EC)偏大,两种秸秆混合后基质的pH值与EC在基质适宜指标的上限;秸秆基质的营养元素丰富,以全氮、钾和钙含量较高,两种秸秆基质间各种营养元素含量差异较小。但混合后基质的全氮、全磷、全钾及速效磷、速效钾含量均显著高于草炭;秸秆基质的砷、汞、铅与铜含量均在绿色食品生产要求范围内,镉的含量符合无公害蔬菜生产的要求。因此,合成无土栽培基质是农作物秸秆资源化利用的一条有效途径。

关 键 词:秸秆  基质  物理性状  化学性状
文章编号:1000-2030(2006)04-0131-04
收稿时间:01 12 2006 12:00AM
修稿时间:2006年1月12日

Analysis of physical and chemical properties of straw substrates utilizing of corn and wheat straw
GAO Xin-hao,ZHANG Zhi-bin,GUO Shi-rong.Analysis of physical and chemical properties of straw substrates utilizing of corn and wheat straw[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2006,29(4):131-134.
Authors:GAO Xin-hao  ZHANG Zhi-bin  GUO Shi-rong
Institution:1. College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2. Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract:Corn and wheat straw were smashed to 1 - 5 cm and were composted for 90 days after 15% chicken manure and 1% urea were added. The physical and chemical properties of air dried straw substrates were analyzed and results showed that both substrates exhibited the drawbacks of relative smaller bulk density and bigger ratio of aeration porosity to water-holding porsity, and corn and wheat straw substrate demonstrated a relative higher pH and EC value respectively, but the value of mixed substrate took the upper limit of ideal substrate. Straw substrates were abundant in nutrient elements especially in N, K, Ca, and the difference of element content in corn and wheat substrate was quite small, meanwhile, the content of total N, P, K and available P, K in mixed substrate were significantly higher than in peat, Straw substrates did not show heavy metal pollution, as the content of As, Hg, Pb, Cu were allowed according to the criterion of green food production and the content of Cd was allowed according to the criterion of non-pollution vegetable production. In conclusion, straw substrate exhibited ideal physical and chemical characteristics, and to produce organic substrate is an effective method to utilize crop straw.
Keywords:straw  substrate  physical property  chemical property
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