乳酸菌和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响

为探讨稻草青贮利用的可能性,研究了添加乳酸菌或/和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响。将4个水稻品种(日本晴、Genjah Wangkal、武运粳7号和武育粳3号)的新鲜稻草切碎后添加乳酸菌(1×105CFU·g-1)或/和纤维素酶(1g·kg-1),用聚乙烯袋真空青贮60d。试验结果表明,添加乳酸菌使青贮料pH值降低了6.07%(P<0.01);丁酸(BA)和氨态氮(NH3-N)含量分别降低了38.65%(P<0.01)和46.52%(P<0.01);乳酸(LA)、粗蛋白(CP)和可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量分别提高了70.70%(P<0.01)、7.19%(P<0.01)和6.76%(P<0.05)。纤维素酶处理使青贮料的pH值降低了3.52%(P<0.01),BA和NH3-N含量分别降低了28.74%(P<0.01)和22.23%(P<0.01);LA、CP和WSC含量分别提高了19.93%(P<0.01)、3.82%(P<0.05)和6.43%(P<0.05);有机物体外消化率(IVOMD)提高了2.67%(P<0.05)。同时添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶处理效果优于单独添加乳酸菌或纤维素酶处理。青贮料的pH值、BA和NH3-N含量分别降低9.35%(P<0.01)、63.24%(P<0.01)和54.74%(P<0.01),LA、WSC和CP含量分别提高121.67%(P<0.01)、20.19%(P<0.01)和10.41%(P<0.01),NDF和ADF含量分别降低3.61%(P<0.01)和3.05%(P<0.01),IVOMD提高3.98%(P<0.05)。稻草青贮料的发酵品质和饲用价值存在品种间差异,武运粳7号和武育粳3号稻草的发酵品质和饲用价值优于日本晴和Genjah Wangkal稻草。结论:添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶可提高稻草青贮品质,WSC含量高的稻草添加乳酸菌其发酵品质较好。

Effects of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on the fermentation quality of rice straw silage

To investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)and cellulase on the fermentation quality of rice straw silage,LAB or/and cellulase were applied to chopped fresh rice straws of 4 varieties(Nipponbare,Genjah Wangkal,Wuyunjing 7 and Wuyujing 3),and then vacuum packed into polyethylene bags.Chemical analyses were carried out after 60 d.The pH value,butyric acid(BA)and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)of the silage decreased by 6.07%(P<0.01),38.65%(P<0.01)and 46.52%(P<0.01)respectively by the application of LAB,while the lactic acid(LA),crude protein(CP)and water soluble carbohydrates(WSC)increased by 70.70%(P<0.01),7.19%(P<0.01)and 6.76%(P<0.05)respectively.The pH,BA,NH3-N of the silage decreased by 3.52%(P<0.01),28.74%(P<0.01)and 22.23%(P<0.01)respectively by the application of cellulase,while the LA,CP,WSC and in vitro organic matter digestibility(IVOMD)increased by 19.93%(P<0.01),3.82%(P<0.05),6.43%(P<0.05)and 2.67%(P<0.05)respectively.The combination of LAB and cellulase had a better effect than the single addition of LAB or cellulase.The pH value,BA,NH3-N,NDF and ADF content decreased by 9.35%(P<0.01),63.24%(P<0.01),54.74%(P<0.01),3.61%(P<0.01)and 3.05%(P<0.01)individually,while LA,WSC,CP and IVOMD increased by 121.67%(P<0.01),20.19%(P<0.01),10.41%(P<0.01)and 3.98%(P<0.05),respectively.There were differences of fermentation quality and feeding value among rice varieties.The fermentation quality and feeding value of the rice straw silage of Wuyunjing 7 and Wuyujing 3 were better than those of Nipponbare and Genjah Wangkal.The results indicated that the LAB and cellulase could improve the fermentation quality of rice straw silage effectively.The application of LAB to the rice straw that contained higher WSC was more easily to obtain good fermentation quality.