山羊尿石症发生过程中血液及尿液生化变化的动态研究

应用棉饼稻草日粮饲喂18只阉割公山羊,在其饮水中添加氧化镁时,对成功诱发尿石症的6只山羊血液及尿液生化变化特点进行研究.试验分4个时期:预试结束时为Ⅰ期,正式试验的第15～60天为Ⅱ期,尿闭发生初期为Ⅲ期,尿闭发生后2～5 d为Ⅳ期.结果表明:山羊采食棉饼稻草日粮后,尿沉渣晶体和结石的主要成分为磷酸铵镁和磷酸钾镁.Ⅱ期血浆尿素水平较Ⅰ期显著升高,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血浆肌酐水平较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高,血液尿素/肌酐比值在Ⅱ期显著升高);Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血浆尿素与肌酐含量较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高,血液尿素/肌酐比值显著降低;尿蛋白在Ⅱ期明显升高,在Ⅲ期显著减低,但在Ⅳ期又急剧升高.血液磷、镁、钾含量在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高;在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血钾、镁含量显著升高,血液无机磷、钠、氯含量显著降低.Ⅱ期尿液无机磷、镁、钾、铵含量较Ⅰ期显著降低,在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期尿磷、镁、钾、铵含量进一步降低,尿钙含量显著降低.结论:山羊磷酸铵(钾)镁尿石症尿闭出现后出现氮质血症,高钾、低磷、低钠、低氯血症以及肾机能不全,且随尿闭的持续而加重.尿液中无机磷、镁、钾、铵含量因参与晶体及结石形成而降低.

Dynamic changes of serum and urine biochemical abnormalities during the onset of urolithiasis in goats

The urolithiasis of 6/18 wether lambs was successfully induced by a new mode of feeding with cottonseed meal diet and adding MgO in drinking water, and the changes of serum and urine biochemical abnormalities were evaluated in different experimental phase of urolithiasis. The experiment was divided into four phases; the end of pre-testing designed as phase Ⅰ , days 15 -60 of experiment as phase Ⅱ , the initial stages of dysuria as phase Ⅲ, 2-5 days after dysuria as phase Ⅳ. The results showed that Urolithiasis occurred in all six experimental goats and main compositions of crystals and urolith were composed of potassium magnesium phosphate and ammonium magnesium phosphate. Urea in serum got a significant increase in phases Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ than phase Ⅰ in goat. Serum creatinine increased significantly in phases Ⅱ and Ⅳ than phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ in goat. The ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine increased significantly ( phase Ⅱ ) after cottonseed meal and rice straw diet feeding but decreased significantly ( phases Ⅲ and Ⅳ ) after the occurrence of lithogenesis. Urine protein got a significant increase ( phase Ⅱ ) but decreased significantly at the initial stage of lithogenesis ( phase Ⅲ) , then a significant increase was found several days later ( phase Ⅳ ) of anure-sis. Serum phosphorous, magnesium and potassium got a significant increase in phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Serum magnesium and potassium increased significantly in anuretic goats but a significant decrease was found in serum phosphorous, sodium and chlorine in phases Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Urine phosphorous, magnesium, potassium and ammonium decreased significantly (phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ ) in lambs feeding cottonseed meal diet and further decrease was observed in phases Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The content of urine calcium only decreased significantly after anuresis. Conclusion; Goats got a azotemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia and hypochlorae-mia after the occurrence of urolithiasis, which suggested the acute renal failure in calculous lambs and this disorder aggravated with the lasting of anuresis. The decreased contents of urine phosphorous, magnesium, potassium and ammonium contributed to the formation of crystals, especially to calculi.