两种冬小麦行距配置对机播夏玉米出苗质量及产量的影响

为了改善华北冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟地区机播夏玉米出苗质量,提高周年产量。通过在冬小麦季设置"三窄一宽"(14+14+14+20 cm)和"四窄一宽"(10+10+10+10+22 cm)2种行距配置,夏玉米播在前茬小麦的宽行,研究了行距配置对冬小麦和夏玉米群体质量、生物量和产量的影响。结果表明,与传统冬小麦等行距种植(15.6 cm)相比,行距配置对冬小麦群体质量和产量影响不显著;宽行机播夏玉米的出苗率明显提高,六叶展幼苗的株高、单株叶面积、单株鲜质量和干质量均表现较好,整齐度明显提高;2种行距配置处理夏玉米的穗粒数较对照分别提高了6.4%,6.7%,产量增加10.2%,13.0%,周年产量分别增加5.76%,5.29%。因此,适当改变行距不会导致冬小麦产量降低,反而有利于机播夏玉米出苗质量的提高,提高夏玉米及周年产量。

Effects of Two Row Spacing Patterns in Winter Wheat on Sowing Quality and Yield of Summer Maize

In order to improve the sowing and seedling quality of summer maize within the rotation system of winter wheat-summer maize in North China Plain,and then to increase the annual productivity,two row spacing (RS) patterns,including " Three narrow RS's with one wide" (14 + 14 + 14 + 20 cm) and "Four narrow RS's with one wide" (10 + 10 + 10 + 10 +22 cm),were set in winter wheat,and the subsequent summer maize was planted in the wide RS,then the population quality,biomass and yield of the two crops were studied.The results showed that there were no significant differences in population quality and yield in winter wheat for the two treatments of RS patterns compared to the traditional equal RS with 15.6 cm.The emergence rate of summer maize planted in wide RS was extremely improved,the plant height,leaf area,fresh weight,and dry weight of the 6th-leaf expanded maize seedling showed a significant differences compared with that planted in the traditional equal RS,and the uniformity of population was improved obviously.The ear grain number of summer maize for the two RS patterns increased by 6.4％ and 6.7％,and the yield increased by 10.2％ and 13.0％ compared to the control,respectively.As a result,the annual production was lead to increase by 5.76％ and 5.29％,respectively.The results indicated that changing RS could lead to an increase in yield of summer maize by improving its seedling quality,while no decrease in yield of winter wheat,so that lead to a raise in the total yield around a year.