生物炭与氮肥配施对烤烟生长及烟叶主要化学成分的影响

为了探明不同生物炭用量与氮肥配施对烤烟生长及烟叶主要化学成分的影响,以云烟87为试材,通过田间小区试验研究了9种不同的生物炭与氮肥配施比例对烤烟生长及烟叶主要化学成分的影响。结果表明:生物炭与氮肥配施能够调控烤烟的生长,促进烟株的生长发育,加快出叶速度,但施炭量与对烤烟生长的促进作用不呈正相关,当施炭量超过3 750 kg/hm~2、施氮量超过112.5 kg/hm~2时对烤烟生长的促进作用逐渐下降。生物炭与氮肥配施能够在一定程度上促进根系的发育,提高烤烟干物质积累量。生物炭与氮肥配施能够调节烤后烟叶的总糖与还原糖含量至最适范围内,降低烟叶淀粉含量,提高烟叶钾含量,有利于提高烟叶燃烧性。同时合理配施生物炭与氮肥也能改善烟叶的糖碱比、糖氮比、钾氯比使之趋近于适宜值,但当配施比例较低时即施炭量为3 000 kg/hm~2、施氮量为75.0kg/hm~2的配施比例不利于改善烤烟糖氮比以及钾氯比。综合来看,以施炭量3 750 kg/hm~2,施氮量112.5 kg/hm~2的配施比例适宜,烟株的生长发育较快,烤后烟叶的主要化学成分含量适宜。

Effects of Biochar Application Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco and Main Chemical Composition of Tobacco Leaves

In order to study the effects of different amount of biochar application combined with nitrogen fertil-izer on the growth of flue-cured tobacco and the main chemical composition of tobacco leaves.Yunyan 87 was select-ed as testing material and a field experiment was designed to study the effects of nine different amount of biochar application combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of flue-cured tobacco and the main chemical composition of tobacco leaves.The results showed that biochar application combined with nitrogen fertilizer could regulate and promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco,accelerate the speed of the leaves,but amount of biochar application was not positively correlated with the role of promotion tobacco growth,when applied to the biochar more than 3 750 kg /ha,and nitrogen fertilizer at 1 1 2.5 kg /ha,the role in promoting tobacco growth gradually decreased.Bio-char application combined with nitrogen fertilizer could promote root growth,and improve the amount of dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco.Coordinate the content of total sugar and reducing sugar,decline the content of starch,and improve the content of potassium in tobacco leaves and improve the combustibility of tobacco leaves.At the same time,it could also improve the ratio between sugar and nicotine,the ratio between sugar and nitrogen and the ratio between sugar and nitrogen of tobacco leaves.It was harmful to improve the ratio between sugar and nitro-gen and the ratio between potassium and chlorine of tobacco leaves that a lower proportion of biochar application
combined with nitrogen fertilizer that was 3 000 kg /ha biochar and 75.0 kg /ha nitrogen fertilizer.It was concluded that 3 750 kg /ha biochar and 1 1 2.5 kg /ha nitrogen fertilizer was the optimal proportion which had faster growth of tobacco plant and the appropriate content of main chemical composition of tobacco leaves.