黄淮麦区若干高产小麦品种穗光合性能及产量性状的研究

为了解黄淮麦区几种高产小麦品种穗光合特性及产量性状,为筛选高光合育种亲本提供依据,以矮抗58、百农418、百农419、豫麦49和周麦18为试材,研究了其穗部光合速率、叶绿素含量、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、颖壳横切面结构及产量性状变化规律。结果表明,百农419穗部表现出较强的光合特性。在开花期、花后7 d及花后15 d其光合速率分别比矮抗58高14.12%,42.86%,6.11%,比百农418高2.69%,4.65%,4.50%,比豫麦49高11.45%,12.08%,16.24%,比周麦18高22.92%,6.35%,10.64%;其颖壳叶绿素a含量和总叶绿素含量较高,Chla/Chlb分别比矮抗58高22.47%,20.04%,0.41%,比百农418高5.72%,18.63%,3.21%,比豫麦49高6.14%,25.68%,0.56%,比周麦18高12.35%,21.26%,2.49%,具有较强的光能捕获能力;Fv/Fm在4个测定时期均最高;此外,百农419颖壳细胞组织较厚,维管束数目较多,大维管束的周长与面积较大,具有较强的"流"能力。产量结果显示,百农419的理论产量和实际产量分别高出矮抗58 25.22%和14.05%、高出百农418 17.15%和10.82%、高出豫麦49 23.74%和19.28%、高出周麦18 8.55%和8.57%,差异显著。综合试验结果认为,百农419穗部光合能力较强,产量较高,具有作为绿穗灌浆高光效育种亲本的潜力。

Research on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Traits of Several High-yield Wheat Varieties in Huang-Huai Area

In order to understand the spike photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits of several high-yield wheat varieties in Huang-Huai Area,and provide the basis for screening high photosynthetic breeding parents,five wheat varieties(Aikang 58,Bainong 41 8,Bainong 41 9,Yumai 49 and Zhoumai 1 8)were used as experimental mate-rials to study the spike photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv /Fm), transverse structure of glume shell and yield traits.The results showed that the spikes of Bainong 41 9 exhibited strong photosynthetic and physiological characteristics.The photosynthetic rate of Bainong 41 9 at flowering stage, 7 days after flowering and 1 5 days after flowering was,respectively,1 4.1 2%,42.86% and 6.1 1 % higher than Aikang 58;2.69%,4.65% and 4.50% higher than Bainong 41 8;1 1 .45%,1 2.08% and 1 6.24% higher than Yu-mai 49;and 22.92%,6.35% and 1 0.64% higher than Zhoumai 1 8.The contents of chlorophyll A and total chloro-phyll in glume shell of Bainong 41 9 were also the highest.The Chla /Chlb of Bainong 41 9 was 22.47%,20.04%
and 0.41 % higher than Aikang 58;5.72%,1 8.63% and 3.21 % higher than Bainong 41 8;6.1 4%,25.68% and 0.56% higher than Yumai 49;and 1 2.35%,21 .26% and 2.49% higher than Zhoumai 1 8,presenting the stronger ability to capture light energy.Fv /Fm′s of Bainong 41 9 in four measurement periods were all the highest.In addi-tion,the glume shell of Bainong 41 9 had thicker cell tissue,more vascular bundle number,larger circumference and area of great vascular bundle,showing the stronger "flow"ability.The yield results showed that the theoretical yield and actual yield of Bainong 41 9 were,respectively,25.22% and 1 4.05% higher than Aikang 58,1 7.1 5% and 1 0.82% higher than Bainong 41 8,23.74% and 1 9.28% higher than Yumai 49,and 8.55% and 8.57% higher than Zhoumai 1 8,the difference being significant.It was concluded that Bainong 41 9 had stronger spike photosyn-thetic ability and higher grain yield,and could be used as a high photosynthetic breeding parent.