不同氮肥管理对春玉米干物质生产、分配及转运的影响

为探索华北地区春玉米高产可持续栽培技术,研究了不同氮素管理(不施氮、推荐施氮、经验施氮)对春玉米的干物质积累、分配及转运的影响。结果表明,在高肥力土壤条件下,第一年推荐和经验施氮同不施氮相比在干物质积累、叶面积指数、籽粒产量、穗位叶光合速率等方面都没有起到明显的促进作用,但在第二年不施氮处理产量比推荐施氮和经验施氮分别下降了12.0%和11.6%。推荐施氮的优势不仅体现在减少氮肥投入的前提下保持产量的稳定,同时也明显促进了生育后期植株营养体干物质向籽粒的转运,各器官干物质转运总量占籽粒总干质量的22.1%,比经验施氮高6.1%。

Effects of Different Nitrogen Managements on Dry Matter Accumulation,Partition and Transportation of Spring Maize(Zea mays L.)

The objective of this study is to provide a technique for high-yielding spring maize cultivation by analyzing effects of different nitrogen managements on dry matter accumulation,partition and transportation.There are three nitrogen managements:Zero nitrogen fertilization(ZNF),Recommended nitrogen fertilization(RNF),Traditional nitrogen fertilization(TNF).The results showed that neither RNF nor TNF could obviously improve dry matter accumulation,LAI,ear-leave photosynthetic rate and grain yield in the first year.However,in the second year,ZNF achieved yield reduction of 12.0% and 11.6% comparing with RNF and TNF respectively.Furthermore,RNF could not only reduce nitrogen input,but also improve dry matter transportation from other organs to grain,the proportion of which reached 22.1%,and was 6.1% higher than TNF.