日光温室蔬菜栽培废弃基质露地还田对土壤理化性质及辣椒生理特性和产量的影响

为了研究基质还田对大田土壤和辣椒生长生产的影响,以日光温室连续栽培蔬菜6年的废弃基质还施露地种植辣椒,测定了不同施用量(0,45,90,135 m~3/hm~2)的土壤理化性质及辣椒生理特性和产量。结果表明:基质还田能够减少土壤pH变化,减小土壤容重、略微增加土壤孔隙度、保持土壤气水比,改善了土壤的理化性状,促进辣椒植株的生长且利于其干物质积累,其中株高、茎粗及干物质积累量均以T2最好。提升了辣椒叶片光合荧光的表现,T2的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ均为最高,T1的q P最高,NPQ为T3最低。提高了辣椒果实的品质及产量,T2产量达67.04 t/hm~2,可溶性糖含量以T2最高,为2.21%,Vc含量T3最高,为1.97 mg/g,T1的可溶性蛋白含量最高、硝酸盐含量最低,分别为2.07,204.93 mg/kg。而与此同时,较大的还田施用量(135 m~3/hm~2)在辣椒生长的中前期造成了一定的毒害现象,在生育后期此现象消失,最终各项指标全面优于未还田处理。废弃基质露地还田这样的重复利用方式切实有效,(在种植同科作物的情况下)还田施用量宜选择90 m~3/hm~2。

Effects of Returning Different Amount of Waste Substrate to Field on the Physicochemical Properties of Soil and the Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Pepper

Planted pepper after returning waste substrate which cultivated vegetables in greenhouse continuously for 6 years to open field to explore the effect of soil and pepper growth from returning substrate to field.Set four returning amount:0,45,90,135 m3/ha,and measured physicochemical properties of soil and the physiological characteristics and yield of pepper.The results showed that returning waste substrate to field could reduce the degree of soil acidification and bulk density of soil,slightly increasing soil porosity,maintain soil void ratio,improved the physical and chemical properties of soil.Promoted the growth of pepper plants and the accumulation of dry matter,meanwhile T2 was the best on plant height,stem diameter and matter accumulation.Enhanced the performance of photosynthetic fluorescence of pepper leaves,T2 had the highest value of Pn,Tr,Gs,Fv/Fm and ΦPSⅡ,and T1 of qP,T3 was the minimum on NPQ.Raised the fruit quality and yield of pepper,maximum yield was found in T2 treatment,67.04 t/ha;The highest content of soluble sugar was T2,2.21%,the highest content of Vc was T3,1.97 mg/g,T1 had the highest content of soluble protein and lowest of nitrate,2.07,204.93 mg/kg.But at the same time,large returning amount(135 m3/ha) brought some continuous cropping poison in the early stage of pepper growth,this phenomenon disappeared in the late growth period,at last,the indexes were still all better than no returning treatment.Returning waste substrate to field was a practical and effective reusing way,and 90 m3/ha could be recommended as the amount of returning (in the case of the same crop planting).