水分调控对冬小麦根系与叶片生理特性及产量和品质的影响

采用管栽试验研究了水分调控技术对冬小麦根系和叶片生理特性的调控效应,结合田间试验的产量和品质表现进行综合分析。结果表明,各处理根系主要分布在0～40 cm范围内,约占总根量的50%;在底墒条件充足的情况下,不浇越冬水,适期控水有利于根系的下扎,1水和2水处理灌浆期根系的增加主要表现在100～200 cm土层;在小麦生育期控越冬水、浇灌浆水可以提高根系活力,灌浆水的投入使100～200 cm土层根系在灌浆期仍然保持较高活力,同时提高了旗叶光合速率,保持了旗叶和倒二叶的绿叶面积,有利于小麦籽粒质量增加。因此,通过适期调控水分供应,重视拔节水和灌浆水的投入,不仅利于小麦良好群体结构的形成、促进籽粒产量的提高,还可以有效节约水资源,同时产生较好的产量效应和生态效益。对于强筋小麦来说,减少灌水次数,还可以提高籽粒品质。

Effects of Controlling Water Technique on Physiological Characters of Roots and Leaves,Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat

Physiological characters of controlling and saving water technique were studied on root,leaves,yield and quality in winter wheat.The results showed that root system mainly distributed in 0~40 cm of soil layer,close to 50% of the total root fresh weight.Under the better soil moisture condition before sowing,the treatments "1 water" and "2 water" of controlling the winter water made for root growth,and root growth addition was appeared in 100~200 cm of soil layer.With filling water supply,root system vigor was increased in flower and filling stage.Controlling water technique not only made for improvement of root system vigor and leaves photosynthetic rate(Pn),but also made for delaying of root senescence and leaves function.On the proper water supply,attention to the input of jointing water and filling water can not only promote the growth of wheat and save water,but also start up a better yield and ecological benefits.For strong gluten wheat,reducing irrigation frequency can improve grain quality.