过量施用磷肥和有机肥对土壤磷渗漏的影响

采用土柱培养的模拟试验方法，研究在不同磷水平土壤上大量施用磷肥和有机肥对土壤测试磷、土壤磷渗漏的影响及机理。结果表明，不同磷水平土壤施用磷肥和有机肥后，土壤CaCl2-P、Olsen-P和土壤渗漏液中可溶性磷均显著增加；单位量磷肥或有机肥所增加土壤各形态磷量随土壤磷水平的增加而增大；随着磷肥和有机肥用量的增加，单位量磷肥或有机肥所增加各形态磷量也逐渐增大，差异均达到显著和极显著水平；施用磷肥和有机肥土壤磷的最大吸磷量（Qm）和土壤磷吸持指数（PSI）逐渐减少，土壤磷的吸附饱和度（DPS）逐渐增加；单位量磷肥或有机肥所增加的土壤磷的吸附饱和度随着土壤磷水平的增加而增加。随磷肥和有机肥用量的增加，不同磷水平土壤磷的吸附饱和度逐渐增加、土壤磷的吸持指数下降、土壤磷的渗漏量逐渐增大；土壤磷渗漏量与土壤测试磷呈显著正相关；单位量磷肥或有机肥所增加的土壤测试磷随着磷肥或有机肥用量以及土壤磷水平的增加而增加。

The Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Manure on Phosphorus Leaching

The effect of phosphate fertilizer and manure on soil test phosphorus and phosphorus leaching in different phosphorus levels soil was studied.Soil column was used in the experiment of simulation.The results showed that the content of CaCl2-P,Olsen-P and soluble phosphorus in leaching water of soil were all increased significantly after applying phosphate fertilizer and manure in different phosphorus levels soil.The content of the various forms of phosphorus in the soil could be increased by improving soil p...