K—19型小麦雄性不育系的创建及其育性恢复源的发现

以粘果山羊草Ａｅ．１９（Ａｅ．ｋｏｔｓｃｈｙｉ，１９）为母本，中国春和云南铁壳小麦为桥梁亲本，进行远缘杂交，获得雄性不育株。再用普通麦７８－１等为轮回亲本，与其测交并连续回交，育成了Ｋ－１９－７８－１Ａ等小麦雄性不育系。然后用５００余份普通小麦品种（系）与Ｋ－１９－７８－１Ａ进行测交，获得４６９个组合Ｆ１杂种，其中７３个测交种（占总数的１５．５７％）能完全保持Ｋ－１９型小麦的雄性不育性。其余３９６个测交种（占总数的８４．４３％）对Ｋ－１９型小麦雄性不育系表现不同程度的育性恢复。恢复度幅度为１．０％～９７．５％。３９６份材料中有１４．１４％对Ｋ－１９型不育系表现高度恢复，按国内法计算恢复度达到８０．１％～９７．５％；测交、回交后代产生单倍体频率在０～１７．５％之间，发现一批综合性状好、不产生单倍体的保持系和恢复源。

Foundation of Kotschyi Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Discovery of Resources for Fertility Restoration

Through hybridization between Ae. kotschyi 19 (female parent) and Chinese Spring and T. yunnanense King (male parent) the F1 sterile plants were obatined. Common wheat variety 78-1 was used to testcross and backcross with the F1 sterile plants successively. Kotschyi cytoplasmic male sterile line K78-1 was successfully bred. Over 500 varieties of common wheat were testcrossed with K78-1. Of 496 hybridized combinations 73 (15. 57% )could maintain the sterility of K78-1 and 396 (84. 43%) showed fertility restoring ability to K78-1 (from 1. 0-97. 5 %). Among them 66 showed high restoring ability to K78-1 (from 80. 1-997. 5 %). The frequeny of monoploids was 0-17. 50%. Some male sterile lines and restorer lines without monoploids have been bred.