土壤对铜、镉、铅、氟的吸附及改良剂对土壤－植物系统中养分元素有效性的影响

研究了不同生物气候带下的几种土壤对Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｆ的吸附特性、缓冲性及其对土壤中养分元素比例变化的影响；改良剂ＣａＣＯ３及Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４的使用对土壤一植物系统中养分元素分布及有效性的影响。结果表明，有机质含量高的泥炭土及ＣａＣＯ３含量高的褐土对Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ的吸附性强，缓冲性强，而红壤及黄棕壤对上述供试元素吸附性弱，缓冲性弱。Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ污染使土壤溶液中Ｃａ含量增加，Ｆ污染使土壤溶液中Ｆｅ含量增加。施用改良剂可以改变土壤－植物系统中的可溶态Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的分布。在红壤、黄棕壤中施加ＣａＣＯ３比施加Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４效果为佳，可以增加土壤－植物系统中养分元系的有效性。

Absorption of Cu, Pb, Cd, F by Soil and Effect of Ameliorants to Availibility of Nutrition Elements in Soil-Plant System

The absorption of Cu,Cd,Pb,F by several types of soil in different bio-climatic zones,the soil bufferring capacity to heavy metals,the effects of Cu,Cd, Pb,F on several plant nutrition elements ratio in soil solution,the effect of the ameliorants CaCO3 and K2HPO4 on distribution of these nutrition elements in soil-plant system, and their availibility were disscussed.The results indicated that absorption and bufferring capacity to Cu, Cd, Pb was strong in peat soil with high organic matter content and brown soil with high level of CaCO3,but was relative weak in red soil and yellow-brown soil.The Ca concentration in soil solution increased with addition of Cu,Cd,Pb into soil,and Fe concentration increased with pollution of F. The ameliorants CaCO3 and K2HPO4 could change the distribution of Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg in soil-plant system.The ameliorant CaCO3 could increase the plant nutrition availibility in red soil and yellow-brown soil which had lower level of CaCO3,and effect of CaCO3 is better than that of K2HPO4 in such soil.