小麦品种抗旱性鉴定指标遗传规律研究

依据Griffing方法I配制种植不同类型的复合双列杂交组合,在人工模拟干旱棚和田间自然干旱条件下,分别设水、旱2种水分条件。在不同生育时期测定株高、株穗数、株粒重、穗粒数、黄叶片数、SOD、POD、MDA等农艺、生理生化性状,研究不同组合类型对杂交后代的遗传力影响及其与抗旱性的关系及遗传规律。结果表明,可采用抗旱指数(DRI)作为评价小麦品种抗旱性强弱的指标。旱地株粒重、旱地穗下节长、旱地黄叶片、籽粒饱满度、落黄、旱地成穗数、旱地株高等7个质量性状和数量性状与抗旱性关系密切且遗传力较强,可作为高产种质杂种后代的早期抗旱性鉴定指标。SOD活性和MDA含量由于广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,可以在杂种后代早期世代进行选择,OA能力和POD活性广义遗传力较高但狭义遗传力低,适宜在杂种后代的晚期世代进行选择。

Study on Inheritance of the Drought-resistance Identification Indices in Wheat Varieties

Based on the methods of Griffing,the test preparated diallelcrossing of varied types for drought-resistance identification under two treatments(drought and water conditions) in the facilities of guarding against rain and land.It was measured including agronomic,physiological and biochemical traits of the height,strain panicles,grain weight per plant,kernel per ear,yellow leaves,SOD,POD,MDA and other indicators at different growth stages,and the genetic influence to future generations of different types hybrid combinationswas also be researched.Studying the relationship between drought-resistance and inheritance,the results showed that the DRI may be indicators in evaluation drought-resistance of wheat varieties.Dry weight,dryland spike length,dry yellow leaves,grain plumpness,yellowing,dry ears,dry height,and other dryland seven traits and the quality of quantitative traits with the close of the drought and strong heritability can be used as high-yield germplasm hybrid drought in the early identification of targets.SOD activity and the content of MDA may be early generation hybrid selection because the broad and narrow genetic heritability were higher,OA capacity and POD generalized genetic were higher and the narrow heritability was lower than the parents varieties.It is a opitimum stage for choice at the late generation time of hybrid offsprings.