南疆陆地棉种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

通过田间调查、室内考种及纤维品质检测,对南疆90份陆地棉种质资源16个表型性状进行鉴定及评价分析,为南疆陆地棉亲本选配和新品种选育提供参考。结果表明:16个表型性状中叶枝数(36.24%)、中部果枝长度(22.63%)、单株铃数(17.64%)变异系数较大,节位数(6.07%)、上半部均长(4.63%)、伸长率(2.59%)变异系数较小;各性状的遗传多样性指数平均值为2.01;相关分析结果表明,陆地棉品质性状与产量性状表现为负相关;主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分累计贡献率达到71.69%,培育陆地棉优良品种应选择纤维品质优良、结铃数多、株型紧凑、单铃重适中、衣分较高的品种;聚类分析将90份种质分为4个类群,各类群性状差异较大,可为棉花新品种培育提供不同特性的种质材料。

Genetic Diversity Analysis Based on Phenotypic Traits of Upland Cotton Germplasms in Southern Xinjiang Region

In this study,16 phenotypic traits of 90 upland cotton germplasms in southern Xinjiang region were identified and evaluated by field investigation,indoor seed examination and fiber quality detection,which provided references for the selection and breeding of upland cotton parents and new varieties.The results showed that the variation coefficients of branch number(36.24%),middle branch length(22.63%)and boll number(17.64%)were larger while the variation coefficients of culm number(6.07%),average length of upper half(4.63%)and elongation(2.59%)were smaller among the 16 phenotypic traits.And,the mean genetic diversity index of each trait was 2.01.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between quality traits and yield traits of upland cotton.Synchronously,the results of principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 71.69%,and the cultivars or materials with high fiber quality,more boll number,tight plant type,moderate single boll weight and high lint conten should be selected as cultivate excellent varieties of upland cotton.In addition,the 90 germplasms were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis and there were significant differences in this 4 groups,which could provide different germplasms materials for the breeding of new cotton varieties.