玉米Iodent种质在Suwan材料改良利用中的有效性分析

种质资源狭窄和杂种优势单一,是制约我国玉米产业发展的重要因素之一。拓宽玉米种质基础,培育突破性育种新材料是选育优良玉米杂交种的基础与前提。热带、亚热带种质已经被证明具有较温带种质丰富的遗传多样性,其引入、改良和应用对丰富我国玉米种质多样性具有十分重要的意义。本研究以28份温热玉米自交系、4份Suwan群体来源自交系(QR 273、ZHL 908、T 32和QB 48)作母本,来自Iodent、Reid、PB、Lancaster和塘四平头类群的8个温带玉米自交系作父本的杂交后代为材料,2015年分别在河南郑州和河南华县对28份自交系和32个杂交组合进行农艺性状评价。结果显示,Suwan×Iodent杂交组合的株型、生育期、感光性等与温带地区杂交种相近;而Suwan自交系与其他类群自交系的杂交组合则表现出植株繁茂、抗倒性差、感光性强和生育期太晚等问题。利用Iodent种质早熟、马齿的特性能够有效改良Suwan种质生育期晚、光周期敏感的不足,获得较高的配合力。

Efficiency Analysis of Maize Germplasm Iodent in Suwan Material Improvement

The narrow germplasm resources and single heterosis are both the important factors restricting the development of maize industry in China.Therefore,broadening the germplasm types of maize and breeding new maize materials are the basis and premise of selecting and cultivating excellent maize hybrids.Studies showed that the tropical and subtropical mazie germplasm have been proved to have more genetic diversity than temperate germplasm and the introduction,improvement and application of these germplasms of great significance to enrich maize germplasm diversity in China.In this study,twenty-eight selfing lines of temperate maizes and four Suwan groups which were the progenies of hybrids of a female parents materials(e.g.QR 273,ZHL 908,T 32 and QB 48)and a male parent materials(Iodent,Reid,PB,Lancaster and 8 selfing lines from Tangsipingtou groups)were selected as experimental materials to evaluate agronomic traits of 28 inbred lines and 32 hybrid combinations planting in Zhengzhou city and Hua county of Henan province in 2015.The results showed that the plant type,growth period and photosensitivity of hybrids of Suwan and Iodent were similar to those of hybrids in temperate maizes.But,the hybrid combination of Suwan inbred lines and other inbred lines showed the problems of flourishing plants,poor lodging resistance,high photosensitivity and late growth period.In brief,the Suwan germplasm with the charcteristics of late growth period and lack of photoperiodic sensitivity could be improved by virtue of the characteristics of early maturity and horse-toothed grain in Iodent germplasm and enhanced combining ability of the improved mazie germplasm.