陕西历代小麦品种籽粒硬度演变规律研究

利用单籽粒谷物特性测试仪和PCR扩增方法对170余份陕西省历代和当代主要小麦品种(系)的籽粒硬度及基因Pina和Pinb等位变异进行了研究,以揭示陕西省小麦品种换代过程中籽粒硬度的演变规律。其中,历代品种(系)材料51份,硬质麦占39.22%,混合麦占60.78%;Pina-D1b等位基因类型为9.80%,Pinb-D1b等位变异类型为47.06%;当代小麦品种(系)119份,硬质麦占38.66%,混合麦占61.34%;Pina-D1b等位变异类型为17.65%,Pinb-D1b等位变异类型为39.50%;Pina基因所占比例为14.29%,Pinb基因所占比例为63.03%;陕西省历代小麦品种硬度平均数呈先降后升趋势,总体呈现逐渐上升。

Study on Evolvement Rule of Grain Hardness of Wheat Varieties in Past Generation Planting in Shaanxi Province

The grain hardness and alleles variation of Pina and Pinb in 170 wheat varieties(lines) in shaanxi province were studied by using the single grain grain characteristic tester and PCR amplification method, so as to reveal the grain hardness evolution rules in the process of wheat varieties replacing each other in Shaanxi province. Among them, there were 51 varieties(lines) of differently past generation, of which the hard wheat accounted for 39.22% and the mixed wheat 60.78%. The allelic type Pina-D1 b was 9.80% and variation type of Pinb-D1 b was 47.06%. There were 119 contemporary wheat varieties(lines), 38.66% of hard wheat and 61.34% of mixed wheat respectively. The allelic variation type of Pina-D1 b was 17.65% while the allelic variation type of Pinb-D1 b was 39.50%. The proportion of Pina gene was 14.29%, and the proportion of Pinb gene was 63.03%. In Shaanxi province, the average hardness of wheat varieties in past generation showed a trend of decreasing first and then rising, while the overall hardness showed a gradual rise. The research results can provide some data and theoretical support for improving the grain hardness in the breeding of new wheat varieties.