种子大小与播种方式对花生生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响

以不同粒重的花生种子为试材,采用不同播种方式,研究粒重大小和播种方式对花生生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,单粒精播处理可使产量增加,与传统双粒穴播相比,在一垄两行播种方式下,相对大粒种子和相对小粒种子分别增产9.77%、4.19%;一垄单行种植方式下分别增产3.44%和2.77%。无论种子粒重大小,单粒精播处理的主茎高、侧枝长和地上部干物质积累量均显著高于双粒穴播,但其荚果干重、净光合速率和单株叶面积与双粒穴播间均无显著差异。相关分析表明,叶片干重、茎柄干重与单株叶面积间呈极显著相关关系;饱果成熟期与结荚期地上部干物重之差与产量间呈显著相关关系。采用垄作双行单粒精播模式,选用饱满粒重较小的种子,可达节本降耗、明显提高经济效益的目的。

Effects of Seed Size and Sowing Pattern of Peanut on Growth andDevelopment,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield

In this study,the effects of different seed sizes and sowing methods of peanut on the growth and development,photosynthetic characteristics and yield were investigated by using peanut seeds with different seed weights as materials.The results showed that the yield increased by precision sowing with single seed.Compared with the traditional hole sowing with double grain,the relatively larger and relatively smaller seeds increased by 9.77%and 4.19%respectively in sowing method with a ridge of two lines,while the two increase production were 3.44%and 2.77%respectively in sowing method with a ridge of one line.The height of main stem,length of lateral branch and dry matter content of overground part were significantly higher in the treatment of precision sowing with single seed than the traditional hole sowing with double grain.However,there were no significant differences in pod dry weight,net photosynthetic rate and leaf area per plant between the two sowing methods.In addition,the correlation analysis showed that leaf dry weight,stem dry weight and leaf area per plant were extremely significantly correlated,and there was also a significant correlation between the yield and the difference of dry matter weight of shoot at mature stage and pod setting stage.There was a significant correlation between the yield and the the difference value of dry matter weight of full fruit aboveground at mature stage and pod bearing stage.In a word,using ridge planting with two rows and precision sowing with single seed and selecting full seed with smaller weight could save cost,reduce consumption and improve economic benefit obviously.