提取方法对库尔勒香梨果实表皮蜡质提取效果的影响

以库尔勒香梨为试材，三氯甲烷和正己烷为提取剂，采用常温法、加热法和常温加热组合法提取香梨果实表皮蜡质，探讨香梨果皮蜡质的提取方法，为研究香梨果皮蜡质结构及成分提供基础。结果表明：以三氯甲烷为提取剂的效果明显优于正己烷，采取常温结合加热法提取表皮蜡质的含量最高，常温法提取的蜡质含量最低。扫描电镜观察结果表明：采用常温加热结合法，以三氯甲烷作溶剂可充分提取香梨表皮蜡质，而正己烷提取果实表皮呈不明显网状结构，仍有晶体残留；采用加热法，以三氯甲烷提取香梨果实表皮蜡质后，表皮蜡质有小部分残留，而正己烷提取后残留晶体较三氯甲烷提取后多，有不规则的小粒状晶体残存；用常温法则两种溶剂均不能将香梨表皮蜡质提取干净。综合提取蜡质含量和扫描电镜分析的结果得出，以三氯甲烷为溶剂、采用常温加热结合法是有效且易行的提取库尔勒香梨表皮蜡质的方法。

Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Epicuticular Wax Content of Korle Fragrant Pear Fruits

Korle fragrant pear was used as test material to explore extraction method of epicuticular wax of pear fruits with CHCl3 and n-hexane as extracting agents at room-temperature, high-temperature, and room temperature combined with high temperature, respectively, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the study of structure and composition of the epicuticular wax. The results showed that the effect of chloroform extractant was superior to that of n-hexane, the wax content extracted by room-high-temperature combinative method was the highest, while the least by room-temperature method. The results of electronic scanning microscope showed that epicuticular wax could be extracted completely with CHCl3 extractant by room-high-temperature combinative method, while no obvious reticular structure was found from the epicuticular wax extracted with n-hexane, at the same time, there were still crystal wax residues. Using high-temperature method, there were smaller amount of crystal particles of epicuticular wax extracted with CHCl3 than those withn-hexane, the latter was irregular and small crystal particle. Whereas the epicuticular wax could not be extracted completely with either CHCl3 or n-hexane at room-temperature. In conclusion, the room-high-temperature method combined with CHCl3 extractant, was the most effective and feasible way for extracting epicuticular wax from Korle fragrant pear fruits.