山西省冬小麦地方品种形态特征和生物学特性的遗传多样性分析

为了有效利用山西省冬小麦地方品种质资源,了解不同生态区的冬小麦地方品种在主要农艺性状上的遗传多样性,对551份山西省冬小麦地方品种的遗传多样性进行聚类与主成分分析。结果表明:16个质量性状和7个数量性状都存在着丰富的遗传多样性。对比2个冬麦区的小麦23个性状发现:芒形、幼苗习性、粒质和穗长4个性状的遗传多样性指数比其他性状高,遗传变异较丰富。其中,南部中熟麦区的芒形、抗倒伏性、穗长和小穗着生密度4个性状多样性指数较高,茎粗和整齐度多样性指数偏低;中部晚熟麦区的芒形、幼苗习性、穗长和千粒重4个性状多样性指数较高,株高、小穗着生密度、整齐度和叶姿多样指数偏低。根据材料间各性状的遗传差异,经聚类分析将材料分为5大类群,其中第Ⅳ类群属于矮杆、穗粒数多和千粒重高的丰产亲本材料。7个数量性状的主成分分析结果表明:前3个主成分累计贡献率达72.78%,第一主成分反映每穗小穗数和每穗粒数,第二主成分反映小穗着生密度,第三主成分反映千粒重。本研究对深入探索山西小麦地方品种的遗传多样性提供理论参考,并为小麦新品种选育提供优异的亲本材料。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Wheat Landrace in Shanxi Province based on Morphological and Biological Characteristics

In order to effectively utilize the local germplasm resources of winter wheat in Shanxi Province and understand the genetic diversity of the main agronomic traits of winter wheat in different ecological regions. The genetic diversity of 551 winter wheat landraces in Shanxi Province was clustered and analyzed by principal components. The results showed that there were abundant genetic diversity in 16 quality traits and 7 quantitative traits. Comparing 23 agronomic traits of wheat in 2 winter wheat regions, the genetic diversity index of awn shape,seedling type, kernel texture and spikelet length was higher than other traits, and the genetic variation was more abundant. The diversity indexes of awn shape, lodging resistance, spikelet length and spikelet density were higher in the southern mid-maturing winter wheat area, while the diversity indexes of stem diameter and uniformity were lower. The diversity index of awn shape, seedling type, spikelet length and 1 000-kernel weight was higher than plant height, spikelet density, uniformity and leaf posture in the middle late-maturing winter wheat area. According to genetic difference of each characteristic among varieties, the 551 accessions could be classified into 5 categories by cluster analysis. The first Ⅳ groups could be used as parents of short stem, kernel number per spike and high fertility. The principal component analysis on quantitative characters showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 3 principal components accounted for 72.78% of the total variation accounted, the first principal component reflected the spikelet number per spike and kernel number per spike, the second principal component reflected the spikelet density, the third principal component reflected the 1 000-kernel weight. This study provides a theoretical reference for further exploration of the genetic diversity of wheat landraces in Shanxi Province, and provides excellent parent material for the breeding of new wheat varieties.