澳洲坚果种质资源的SRAP分析及指纹图谱构建

为了分析澳洲坚果种质资源的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系,加速澳洲坚果种质的遗传改良和新品种选育,本研究以45份澳洲坚果为材料,利用相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)分子标记对其基因组扩增并进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明24对引物组合中能筛选出多态性较好的引物10对,利用这10对引物在45份澳洲坚果中共扩增出63条谱带,其中多态性条带47条,多态性比率74.60%。45份澳洲坚果种质资源的遗传相似系数范围为0.5873?0.9683,均值0.7778。UPGMA聚类分析表明:在遗传相似系数为0.785处可将45份澳洲坚果种质资源划分为6个类群,其中,‘黔澳1号’和‘黔澳3号’之间的遗传相似系数最大,高达0.9683,说明这两种坚果资源遗传背景相似,‘兴澳1号’和‘黔引36’号间的遗传相似系数最小,仅为0.5873,说明二者亲缘关系较远。本研究表明了SRAP技术适用于澳洲坚果种质资源的遗传多样性分析且45份澳洲坚果间的遗传变异较为丰富,为澳洲坚果种质资源的挖掘、遗传改良和进一步的分子辅助育种提供了科学依据。

SRAP Analysis and Fingerprint Construction of Macadamia Germplasm Resources

To analyze the genetic diversity and relationship of Macadamia and further accelerate the genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties, 45 Macadamia germplasm resources were used as materials in this study.The genome of Macadamia was amplified by SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers and the genetic diversity was analyzed. Results showed that 10 pairs of highly stable and polymorphic primers were selected from 24 pairs of primers. Moreover, 63 bands were obtained from 45 Macadamia germplasm resources using these 10 pairs of primers, of which 47 bands were polymorphic, with a polymorphic ratio of 74.60%. The genetic similarity coefficient of 45 Macadamia germplasm resources ranged from 0.587 3 to 0.968 3, with an average of 0.777 8. UPGMA cluster analysis illustrated that 45 Macadamia resources could be divided into 6 groups with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.785. Furthermore, ’Qianao NO.1’ and ’Qianao NO.3’ showed the highest genetic similarity coefficient, which was up to 0.968 3, indicating that these two Macadamia had the similar genetic background. While ’Xingao NO.1’ and ’Qianyin NO.36’ displayed the lowest genetic similarity coefficient with only 0.587 3, which revealed that the relationship of these two Macadamia resources was far. This study demonstrated that SRAP markers were suitable for the research on the genetic diversity of Macadamia germplasm and that the genetic variation among the 45 Macadamia were abundant, which could provide scientific reference for the excavation, genetic improvement and further molecular-assisted breeding of Macadamia germplasm resources in the future.