花/蕾低温保存对花椰菜花粉活力及授粉效果的影响

本研究将通过低温(3℃~5℃)干燥处理花椰菜完全开放的花和不同大小的蕾,利用花粉活力测定、花粉萌发观察和杂交结籽率检测等手段分析了低温保存对其花粉活力及授粉效果的影响。研究结果表明,当天开放花的花粉活力和萌发率最高,分别达到91.3%和45.6%,授粉效果也最好,每角果平均可收获11.3粒种子。3℃~5℃干燥储存8 d后花粉活力和萌发率显著降低,储存16 d后花粉杂交结籽率显著降低,不适合作为花粉供体;开花前1 d和2 d的蕾,3℃~5℃干燥储存8 d的花粉活力分别为88.3%和85.2%,萌发率均为32.4%左右,授粉杂交结籽率分别达到9.8和8.3粒种子/角果。随着储存时间的延长,花粉活力及萌发率逐渐降低。3℃~5℃干燥储存32 d的花粉杂交结籽率仍可达到8粒种子/角果。本研究结果为花椰菜杂交一代制种和组合测配的花粉保存提供理论依据。

Effects of Low Temperature Preservation of Cauliflower Buds on Pollen Vigor and Pollination Effects

In this study,the fully open flowers and flower buds of different sizes of cauliflower were treated by low temperature(3℃~5℃),the impacts of which were analyzed by means of pollen vigor determination,pollen germination observation and hybrid seed set rate detection.The results showed that the pollen vigor and germination rate of open flowers were the highest,reaching 91.3%and 45.6%,respectively.The pollination effect was also the best,with an average of 11.3 seeds per pod.After 8 d of dry storage at 3℃~5℃,the pollen vigor and germination rate decreased significantly.After 16 d of storage,the hybridization rate was significantly reduced,which was not suitable as a pollen donor.The flower buds at 1 d and 2 d before flowering with dry storage for 8 d at 3℃~5℃,the pollen vigor were 88.3%and 85.2%,respectively,while the germination rate was about 32.4%and the hybridization rate averaged 9.8 and 8.3 seeds/pod,respectively.As the storage time prolonged,the pollen vigor and germination rate gradually decreased.However,the pollen hybridization rate of 32 d of dry storage at 3℃~5℃can still reach 8 seeds/pod.The results of this study provided a theoretical basis of pollen preservation for the cauliflower F1 hybrid seed production and the hybrid combination matching.