Continuous cropping systems and weed selection |
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Authors: | Clare E Murphy Deirdre Lemerle |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Health and Ageing, Office of the Prudential Regulator, GPO Box 9848, Woden, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia;(2) EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University & NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, PMB, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia |
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Abstract: | Summary Changes in the weed flora of agro-ecosystems can occur as long-term changes or temporary fluctuations in species composition.
The rate at which weed population shifts occur depends on the selection pressure imposed, genetic variability among weed populations,
plant characteristics and environmental factors. Agronomic practices associated with cropping systems including crop rotation,
tillage, herbicide use, soil amendments, and mechanization of harvesting that impart a range of selection pressures on weed
populations are discussed in this review. Widespread use of herbicides has had the greatest impact on weed selection in recent
years. Evolution of herbicide resistant weeds presents an enormous challenge to farmers. Development of herbicide tolerant
crops has provided another tool for farmers however the selection pressure on weeds and potential impact on weed population
shifts will require judicious use of this technology. Simulation models provide an excellent opportunity to predict future
weed population shifts in response to management practices. Further insight into future management changes on weed selection
must proceed towards an investigation of the processes rather than the outcomes. In particular, this must involve an understanding
of the ecological factors and processes that are likely to determine the weed responses to particular management regimes. |
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Keywords: | farming systems herbicide resistant crops population shifts reduced tillage selection pressure weed management |
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