控释氮、钾肥料及其配合使用对大蒜生育特性及土壤养分变化的影响

旨在研究控释氮、钾肥及其配合使用对大蒜生育特性及土壤养分变化的影响。设计常规处理、控氮处理、控钾处理、氮钾双控处理、减量16.7%氮钾双控处理，进行随机区组试验设计。结果表明，使用控释肥料可显著提高大蒜产量及品质，且氮钾双控产出效益最佳，减量氮钾双控次之，仅控氮、控钾间无明显差异。大蒜生理指标的表现为：控释肥料抑制大蒜苗期根系发育，提高花芽鳞芽分化期后大蒜根系活力。对根系活力的提高能力具有以下规律：氮钾双控处理＞减量氮钾双控处理＞控氮处理＞控钾处理＞常规处理；控释氮素抑制大蒜苗期叶绿素含量的增加，提高花芽鳞芽分化期后大蒜叶绿素含量；对花芽鳞芽分化期后叶绿素含量的影响结果为双控效果优于单控，控氮效果优于控钾的表现。使用控释肥可显著提高作物收获后土壤养分含量，全量效果优于减量。控释肥料在大蒜上具有较高的经济价值及环境效益，综合投入及产出，减量16.7%氮钾双控处理为最佳投入处理。

Controlled Release Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers and Their Combined Application: Effects on Growth Characteristics of Garlic and Changes of Soil Nutrients

The aim is to study the effects of controlled-release nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and their combined application on the growth characteristics of garlic and soil nutrient changes. The experiment was designed as a randomized block test, which contained conventional treatment, nitrogen control treatment, potassium control treatment, nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment and 16.7% reduction of nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment. Results showed that the yield and quality of garlic was significantly improved by using controlled-release fertilizer, and the economic benefit of nitrogen and potassium doublecontro treatment was the best, followed by reduction of nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment, and there was no significant difference between only nitrogen and potassium control treatment. The physiological indexes of garlic were as follows: controlled release fertilizer inhibited root development at seedling stage, while increased root activity after flower bud and clove differentiation stage. The ability to improve root activity as following: nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment > reduced nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment > nitrogen control treatment > potassium control treatment > conventional treatment. The content of chlorophyll was reduced at seedling stage, while increased after flower bud and clove differentiation stage by nitrogen control treatment. Besides, the content of chlorophyll after flower bud and clove differentiation stage showed that the double-control treatment was better than single control, and the effect of nitrogen control was better than that of potassium control. The use of controlled release fertilizer could significantly increase the soil nutrient content after crop harvesting, and the total effect was better than the reduction. It is concluded that, controlled- release fertilizers have high economic value and environmental benefit in garlic production. Comprehensive assessment of the input and output show that 16.7% reduction of nitrogen and potassium is the best input treatment.