难溶性钾矿开发产品替代氯化钾下水稻钾素吸收特征

在南方稻区通过两季定位试验研究难溶性钾矿开发产品（钾矿）——颗粒硅钙钾肥（颗粒肥）和多元素微孔矿物肥（微孔肥）完全替代氯化钾对水稻产量、经济效益以及钾素吸收利用的影响。通过施用不同量的颗粒硅钙钾肥和多元素微孔矿物肥与施用氯化钾和不施钾对比，分析难溶性钾矿开发产品对水稻产量、经济效益以及钾素吸收的影响。施氯化钾和钾矿使晚稻增产377.2~715.0 kg/hm2，增收568~1616元/hm2，钾矿完全替代氯化钾（100%颗粒肥处理除外）可提高晚稻产投比。施氯化钾和100%钾矿使早稻增产383.1~1339.6 kg/hm2，增收584~3107元/hm2，施50%钾矿处理使早稻减产16.5 kg/hm2和122.9 kg/hm2，钾矿完全替代氯化钾降低早稻产投比。施氯化钾和钾矿可提高水稻的吸钾总量，钾矿完全替代氯化钾降低水稻吸钾总量。钾矿完全替代氯化钾可提高水稻钾素利用率。钾矿完全替代氯化钾能满足晚稻生长需要，而不能够满足早稻生长需求，对早稻的种植应考虑增加钾矿施用量或者与氯化钾的配合施用。

K Uptake in Rice Under Substitution of Potassium Chloride by Insoluble Potassium Mineral Developed Products

A two-season located field experiment was conducted to study the effects of products developed from insoluble potassium mineral: granular silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer (Granular fertilizer) and microporous mineral fertilizer (Microporous fertilizer) substitute for potassium chloride on yield, economic efficiency and K absorption and utilization of late rice and early rice in the southern rice region. Effects of the products developed from insoluble potassium mineral on rice yield, economic efficiency and K absorption and utilization were analyzed through application of granular silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer and microporous mineral fertilizer compared with application of potassium chloride and application of no potassium. The results showed that application of potassium chloride and the products developed from insoluble potassium mineral increased the yield of late rice by 377.2-715.0 kg/hm2 and increased the income of late rice by 568-1616 yuan/hm2. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride (except for the 100% granular fertilizer treatment) increased the output/input ratio of late rice. Application of potassium chloride and the 100% products developed from insoluble potassium mineral increased the yield of early rice by 383.1-1339.6 kg/hm2 and increased the income of early rice by 584-3107 yuan/hm2. Application of 50% products developed from insoluble potassium mineral decreased the yield of early rice by 16.5 kg/hm2 and 122.9 kg/hm2. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride decreased the output/input ratio of early rice. Application of potassium chloride and the products developed from insoluble potassium mineral increased the total amounts of K uptake of late rice and early rice. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride decreased the total amounts of K uptake of late rice and early rice. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride improved the K use efficiency of late rice and early rice. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride can meet the needs of late rice growth, but cannot meet the needs of early rice growth. Increasing the application rate of products developed from insoluble potassium mineral or combined application products developed from insoluble potassium mineral with potassium chloride for the early rice planting should be considered.