不同灌水方式对苜蓿形态及生理的影响

灌溉方式对植物生长发育起着至关重要的作用，通过研究灌溉方式对苜蓿生长发育的影响，探索提高水分利用效率的灌溉方式，为开展植物节水灌溉研究与实践提供参考依据。试验以‘新牧4号’紫花苜蓿为材料，设置滴灌、喷灌和漫灌3种方式进行灌溉，在盛花期测量苜蓿叶片大小、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素等形态和生理指标。不同的灌溉方式对苜蓿的形态及生理产生不同影响。其中，滴灌方式对苜蓿的伤害较小，测得叶片中叶绿素含量最高，脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量最低；喷灌方式下苜蓿叶片细胞膜透性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量均为最高，显示对植物伤害相对较大；漫灌方式下，苜蓿叶面积最大，细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量及可溶性糖含量均为最低。综合评价认为，适宜苜蓿生长的最佳灌溉方式为滴灌，不仅高效而且节水，漫灌次之。

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Morphology and Physiology of Alfalfa

Irrigation methods play an important role in plant growth and development. Effects of irrigation methods on alfalfa growth was studied in order to explore the irrigation methods with high water use efficiency and provide a reference basis for water- saving irrigation in plants. The material used in the study was Medicago Sativa cv Xinmu No.4. The response of alfalfa growth was researched by setting different irrigation methods: drip, sprinkler and flood in the field of alfalfa. The leaf area, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll and other morphological and physiological indexes of alfalfa were measured in full bloom stage. The morphology and physiology of alfalfa were affected by different irrigation methods. The highest chlorophyll content and the lowest proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed that the alfalfa was less damaged under drip irrigation; the cell membrane permeability, soluble sugar content, proline content and MAD content were all the highest under sprinkler irrigation, which was proved to be a relatively huge damage to the growth of alfalfa; the leaf area was the largest and the cell membrane permeability, chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content were the lowest under flood irrigation. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, considering high efficiency and water saving, drip irrigation was the best irrigation method for alfalfa growth and flood irrigation took the second place.