大豆品系在黄淮南部主产区产量及品质性状分析

为了筛选适宜黄淮南部大豆产区种植的大豆品种，于2011年和2012年对河南、安徽和江苏3省5个试验点测试的107份大豆品系的产量、品质及其他相关性状的数据进行收集、统计和分析。结果表明：测试大豆品系的平均产量为2601.73 kg/hm2，与对照‘中黄13’相比，共有48份大豆品系表现增产，占总数的44.86%；各试验点的大豆平均蛋白质含量总体较高，而且蛋脂双高的品种比例在各试验点均在70%以上。相关性分析表明，产量与品质性状有着极显著的负相关，与蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和蛋脂总量的相关系数分别为-0.27、-0.23和-0.48；与有效分枝、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重呈极显著正相关(r=0.41，r=0.48，r=0.59，r=0.64)。偏相关分析也表明，大豆的产量与单株粒数呈极显著正相关性，且单株粒数是对大豆产量影响最大的性状；通径分析显示，该性状对产量的通径系数最大。蛋脂总量与株高、百粒重呈显著正相关(r=0.20，r=0.23)，与有效分枝呈显著负相关(r=-0.19)，与单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著负相关(r=-0.29，r=-0.44，r=-0.37)。生产中，在提高大豆产量和品质的同时，应考虑到大豆各农艺性状之间存在着相互影响，在育种时应注意各性状之间的平衡。

Analysis on Yield and Quality Traits of Soybean Lines in Planting Region of Southern Huanghuai

In order to provide suitable soybean accessions in southern Huanghuai, 107 soybean quality, yield data and yield related traits data from the Henan Province, Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province was collected in 2011 and 2012, and the key yield limiting factors were determined with correlation, stepwise regression and path analysis. The results indicated that, the average yield of soybean lines was 2601.73 kg/hm2 in 5 test loci. Compared to the control ‘Zhonghuang13’, 48 soybean lines showed increase yield, accounting for 44.86%; the average protein content was higher and the high protein and fat content (total protein plus fat ≥ 63% and fat ≥ 20%) accessions was 70% or more in all 5 test loci. The correlation analysis showed the yield had extremely significantly negative relation with protein, fat and protein plus fat content (r=-0.27, r=-0.23, r=-0.48), had extremely significantly positive relation with effective branch number per plant, pod number per plant, seed number per plant and seed weight of per plant respectively. Partial correlation analysis also showed that, soybean yield and seed number per plant had extremely significantly positive relation. According to the standard regression coefficient of yield, seed number per plant was the primary determinant factor that effected soybean yield in southern Huanghuai. Path-coefficient analysis revealed that, the direct effect of seed number per plant was the largest. The protein and fat content had significantly positive relation with plant height and 100 seed weight (r=0.20, r=0.23), had significantly negative relation with effective branch number per plant (r=-0.19), had extremely significantly negative relation with pod number per plant, seed number per plant and seed weight of per plant respectively (r=-0.29, r=-0.44, r=-0.37). So, the breeding should pay attention to the balance between the various characters, we should think about the various agronomic characters of soybean exists the mutual influence at each other at the same time.