不同制炭材料与温度对水稻生长发育影响

旨在找到适合南通地区秸秆生物质炭还田的最适条件。在南通科技职业学院试验基地，设7 组不同处理CK、3SD、4SD、5SD、3YM、4YM、5YM。测定生物质炭施用后稻田土壤的物理性状、养分含量、酶活性以及微生物群落结构的变化状况，采用水稻产量以及多指标的冗余分析评价不同制炭条件与生物质炭施用量对水稻生长发育的影响。结果表明，5SD 与5YM均能使水稻增产，分别为28.01%和29.86%，5SD对水稻增产效果更高；在成熟时期5SD与CK相比，对水稻生物量具有增产的效果增幅为65.99%；对稻田土壤微生物总量具有增幅效果为243.90%。而稻田土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、土壤酶脲活性、土壤蔗糖酶活性均会降低，降幅为-41.01%、-82.78%、-48.92%、-57.29%。在本实验条件下施加500℃、水稻秸秆制成的生物炭对水稻的增产效果最好，而且还能改善土壤理化性质以及土壤酶活性。

Carbonizing Materials and Temperatures: Effects on Growth and Development of Rice

The aim is to find the most suitable condition of straw biomass carbon returning to field in Nantong. Seven treatments were set up in experimental station of Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology, including no biomass carbon (CK), rice straw carbon (3SD), rice straw carbon (4SD), rice straw carbon (5SD), corn straw carbon (3YM), corn straw carbon (4YM), and corn straw carbon (5YM). The soil physical properties, nutrient content, enzyme activity and microbial community structure in paddy field were determined after applying biomass carbon. The effects of different char- making conditions and biomass char application amounts on growth and development of rice were evaluated by redundancy analysis of rice yield and multiple indexes. The results showed that both 5SD and 5YM treatments could increase rice yield by 28.01% and 29.86%, respectively. 5SD treatment had a better yield increase effect on rice. Compared with CK at mature stage, 5SD treatment increased rice yield by 65.99% , and increased soil microbial biomass by 243.90% . However, the decrease range of soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, soil enzyme urea activity, and soil invertase activity in paddy soil was - 41.01% , - 82.78% , - 48.92% and - 57.29% , respectively. In this experiment condition, biochar made from rice straw at 500℃ had the best effect on rice yield increase, and could also improve soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities.