快速大量培育小粒作物茁壮幼苗技术体系的构建及应用

为解决传统育苗方法难以满足谷子等小粒作物遗传物质提取和纯度鉴定等研究中急需大量茁壮幼苗的难题，笔者以壤土为育苗基质，根据作物需水规律，创造一种下部含水量较高、上部含水量较低的育苗环境，使幼苗茁壮、健康生长。结果表明：（1）研究建立了“基土选择—下部含水量较高土基的配制—下部水分含量较高、上部水分含量较低育苗基质的建立—可控式播种—简易系统化管理”新型育苗技术体系；（2）筛选出7 种较好和1 种最适合的基土配比及各部分土基的含水范围；（3）通过可控式播种和苗期简易系统化管理，培育出大量茁壮幼苗。该方法用于育苗实践，取得较好效果，为开展小粒作物相关研究提供了技术支撑。

Rapid and Large Scale Cultivation of Vigorous Seedlings of Small-grain Crops: Technique System Construction and Application

The paper aims at the difficulty to obtain a large number of vigorous seedlings of small-grain crops, such as foxtail millet, for genetic material extraction and purity identification by using traditional methods of breeding seedling. According to the rule of crop water requirement, we took loam as the matrix and created a breeding environment with higher moisture content in the low part and lower moisture content in the upper part to make seedlings grow vigorously and healthily. The results showed that: (1) a new technique system was set up for breeding seedlings, including“the choice of matrix, preparation of matrix with higher water content in the lower side, formation of seedling breeding matrix with higher water content in the lower side and lower water content in the upper side, controllable sowing and simple systematic management”; (2) 7 better and 1 optimum matrix ratios, and water content ranges of each part of matrix were screened out; (3) a large quantity of vigorous seedlings were cultivated by controllable sowing and simple systematic management at seedling stage. These methods are used in seedling breeding practice, and have obtained good results, which can provide technical support for the research of small-grain crops.