生物降解膜应用对麦(油)后直播棉土壤理化特性与棉花生长及产量的影响

2016—2017年在大田条件下，设置不覆膜(CK)、普通聚乙烯地膜(PM)覆盖、生物降解膜(AM、BM）覆盖4种不同方式，进行随机区组试验，2016年研究降解膜应用对麦后直播棉生物量累积及产量的影响，2017年研究其对土壤理化特性与棉花生物量及产量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，地膜覆盖处理均显著提高0~20 cm土壤平均含水量和温度，苗期和蕾期土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量增加，且苗期以PM处理较高而蕾期以BM处理较高；BM处理的土壤有机质含量增加而PM与AM处理降低。与CK相比，地膜覆盖处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和中性磷酸酶活性苗期降低而蕾期增加，地膜覆盖处理间，苗期以PM处理较高，蕾期以BM和PM处理较高。地膜覆盖处理棉花生物量快速累积起始期和结束期提前、最大生物量及快速累积速率增加且以BM累积特征值较优化。地膜覆盖显著提高了麦（油）后直播棉的子棉产量与霜前花率，且以BM处理较高。综上，生物降解膜覆盖改善土壤理化特性，促进麦（油）后直播棉的快速生长，从而提高产量和霜前花率。

Biodegradable Film Mulching Affects the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil,the Growth and Yield of Cotton Field-seeded After Barley (Rape) Harvest

Field experiments were carried out in cotton field-seeded after barley (rape) to explore the effects of film mulching on biomass accumulation and yield in 2016 and the effects of film mulching on soil physical and chemical properties, biomass accumulation and yield in 2017. Four treatments, including planting without mulching (CK), planting with polyethylene film mulching(PM) and two kinds of biodegradable film mulching(AM and BM), with three replicates were conducted. The results showed that the mean soil water content and soil temperature in 0~20 cm soil layer increased in all mulching treatments compared with that in CK. The soil available N, P and K increased with highest value in the treatment of PM and BM at cotton seedling and budding stage respectively. The soil organic content increased in the treatment of BM and decreased in PM and AM compared with that in CK. The soil enzyme activities of urease, invertase, catalase, and neutral phosphatase decreased at seedling stage but increased at budding stage with higher value in the treatment of PM and BM respectively. The biomass accumulation initiated and terminated earlier in all film mulching treatments than that in CK. The maximum biomass and its maximum speed increased with optimized characteristics in the treatment of BM. Yield and yield ratio before frost was higher in film mulching treatments, especially in BM, than that in CK. In sum, biodegradable film mulching can promote seedling growth due to the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, which may contribute to improving yield and the yield ratio before frost.